A Comparative Study Of Corn Mechanized Cultivation Modes On Construction Farms

In recent years,with the continuous expansion of corn planting area in China,the yield of corn also increases.Meanwhile,how to deal with the large amount of straw also becomes the focus of increasing attention.With the popularization and popularization of conservation tillage technology,corn straw treatment and soil cultivation methods are becoming more and more diversified.At present,corn planting in Heilongjiang province mainly adopts the mode of straw burning and deep pine.Although this mode is convenient for autumn land preparation and reduces planting cost,straw burning causes resource waste and very serious air pollution.At the same time,in the process of traditional farming mode,excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to soil compaction,fertility reduction,yield decline and other problems gradually appear.According to local conditions,the study of corn mechanization conservation tillage model suitable for the construction of farms has an important role in the future agricultural development of farms.According to the construction of farm crop planting patterns and existing conditions of agricultural machinery and equipment,straw processing and farming as the factors,amount of straw returned to levels,using split plot field experiment scheme,compare the straw burning +deep loosening cultivation mode(FS),100% straw crushing returning and deep loosening cultivation mode(HS100),50% straw crushing returning and deep loosening cultivation mode(HS50),30% straw crushing returning and deep loosening cultivation mode(HS30)and 100%straw crushing and commune cultivation mode(HF),and other five kinds of cultivation mode,After exploring the influence of different tillage methods on soil temperature and humidity change before sowing,soil fertility,crop yield,cost and planting income of the next season,as well as the comparative relationship between different straw mulching quantities on soil characteristics and crop yield and planting income,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Different cultivation patterns had significant influence on soil temperature change before sowing.Among them,50% straw crushing and deep pine returning to field mode(HS50)and 30% straw crushing and deep pine returning to field mode(HS30)had significant soil temperature improvement effect.(2)Different farming modes have an impact on soil fertility indexes such as alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium and organic matter,and the improvement effect is different.Among them,100% straw crushing and deep pine cultivation(HS100),50% straw crushing and deep pine cultivation(HS50)and 100% straw crushing and deep tillage(HF)significantly increased soil organic matter content.100% straw crushing and deep tillage(HF)and 100% straw crushing and deep pine tillage(HS100)significantly increased the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content.(3)Different farming modes have an impact on crop yield and final income,among which50% straw crushing and deep pine farming mode(HS50)has the largest room for increasing crop yield.In conclusion,with 50% straw crushing and deep loosening cultivation mode(HS50)on soil temperature and humidity,soil fertility,yield and other comprehensive benefit is superior to other methods,the results of the study for the construction of farm and the surrounding areas in the corn planting patterns change,improve the ecological environment,improve soil fertility and increase farmers' income to provide the beneficial reference.