Safety Evaluation And Chemical Composition Analysis Of Sophora Flavescens

KushenShi(KSS)is the seed of the leguminous plant Sophora flavescens Ait.It was named by The Tang-Dynasty Meteria Medica as KSS and the Compendium of Materia Medica was marked with another name of KushenZi,which can be used for medicinal purposes.It tastes bitter and its character is cold.It promotes eyesight,stomach-fortify and deworming.It also has good treatment of acute bacillary dysentery,constipation and so on.KSS was once included in the 1977 version of the China Jilin Province Drug Standard.Besides Chinese Medicine Prescription Collection and Traditional Chinese Dermatology Compendium documented the use of KSS for the treatment of meat emulsion and young flat warts,there was also report in the literature that KSS was mistaken by poison and produced toxicity.In recent years,the main researches of KSS had focused on breeding and germination.There are few modern studies on the pharmacological toxicity of KSS.This experiment assesses the safety of KSS by toxicological experiments and chemical composition analysis of KSS.1.Single dose toxicity test of KSS extractThe acute toxicity of the extract of KSS was studied by a single dose toxicity test.The test result showed that KSS had neurotoxicity,and the median lethal dose of KSS LD50=15.58 g·-kg-1BWd.2.Single dose toxicity test of different components of KSS extractThe extract of KSS was roughly divided into alkaloid part and non-alkaloid part by cation exchange resin.According to the single dose toxicity test of KSS,the total extract,alkaloid part and non-alkaloid part of KSS were respectively an acute toxicity test.The results showed that the total extract and alkaloids part of KSS caused the death of the animals,while the non-alkaloids part did not cause death.It is suggested that alkaloids may be the cause of toxicity of KSS.3.28-day toxicity test of continuous administration of KSS extractAccording to the single-dose toxicity test of KSS,according to the principle of repeated drug administration,designed the dose was of 28-day toxicity.After the test,hematology,blood biochemistry and other indicators were detected.Tissue organ weighing records and histopathological examinations,according to the analysis of various indicators and death,the rats were given a continuous dose of 4.0 g·kg-1 BW,which caused the death of the animal.The low observed adverse effect level(LOAEL)was 3.0 g·kg-1 BW,and no observed adverse effect level(NOAEL)was observed in rats for 28 days 2.0 g·kg-1 BW.4.Characterization of the extract of KSS and its blood componentsBased on UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry,the identification of KSS and its blood components were analyzed.The data were collected in positive ion mode.34 peaks were identified in the samples of KSS,and the alkaloids were chemically composed 26,and a total of 18 alkaloids were identified in plasma samples to peak into the blood.The direct entry of alkaloids into the blood may be responsible for the toxicity of KSS.5.Quantitative analysis of six alkaloids in KSSSimultaneous quantitative analysis of six alkaloids of matrine,oxymatrine,sophocarpine,oxysophocarpine,sophoridine and N-methyl cytisine by MRM model using UHPLC-MS/MS,The total content of 6 alkaloids in "KSS were as high as 18.5%,and the content of oxymatrine was the highest.This test provides a reference for the development and utilization of KSS.