Research On Characteristics Of Fine Motor Ability And Related Mechanisms In Overweight And Obese Children

Background and purpose: With the continuous development of society and economy,the increasing rate of childhood obesity has become an increasingly serious and global health problem.The growing trend of childhood obesity in China is also quite severe.Overweight and obesity not only seriously affect children's physical and mental health,but also affect children's motor ability.Motor skills are the basis of physical activity,attention on the motor performance of overweight and obesity children may be beneficial to the formulation and implementation of targeted prevention and treatment strategies.Motor development is an important part of children's growth and development,including gross and fine movements.At present,the gross motor skill of overweight and obesity children has attracted much attention.In contrast,the research on the fine motor skill of overweight and obesity children needs to be enriched and improved.Whether overweight and obesity can delay the development of fine motor in children has not been reported in follow-up studies.The mechanisms that influence the fine motor skill of overweight and obesity children are not clear.In conclusion,this study selected seven school-aged children as the research object.Through the comparison of overweight,obesity and normal weight children's fine motor skill difference and longitudinal tracking observation(half)the changes with age,the study conducts a comprehensive analysis of characteristics of overweight obesity children's fine motor skill.At the same time,the study analyzes the related mechanism of children's fine motor skill in the aspects of children's hand muscle strength,sensation and attention level.The research conclusion will enrich the relevant theories in the field of children's motor development,help to propose effective strategies to improve children's fine motor skill,and provide scientific and practical basis for the targeted improvement of overweight and obesity children's fine motor skill.Methods: In this study,95 7-year-old boys were recruited,and the children were divided into obesity group(n=28),overweight group(n=22)and normal weightgroup(n=45)according to their weight status.Study 1,using a cross-sectional approach,compared hand fine motor skills and related mechanism indicators among three groups.The assessment of fine motor skill(sitting and standing)includes:(1)Finger flexibility(quantitative insertion of steel needle,move of steel needle test).(2)Finger stability(needle holding movement test in wedge slot).(3)Two-handed coordination(two-handed coordination curve track tracing test).Relevant mechanism indicators are mainly tested:(1)Hand sensory assessment(two-point discrimination,weight discrimination).(2)Hand strength measurement(maximum grip strength).(3)Attention assessment(attention distribution test).Study 2 was a longitudinal follow-up study: all subjects were re-assessed for general body shape measurement and fine motor ability of hands six months later.The test content and method are the same as study 1.Research results:1.Comparison of hand fine motor skill among different groups:(1)sitting position: finger flexibility,stability and hand coordination in the obesity children group were significantly worse than those in the normal weight group.Except for needle task flexibility,the fine motor performance of overweight children in other dimensions also lagged behind that of normal weight children.(2)standing position: not only the multidimensional fine motor skill of the obesity children group was significantly worse than that of the normal weight group,but the finger stability of the obesity children group was also lower than that of the overweight children group.The flexibility of super recombination finger to move the needle was worse than that of normal weight children.2.Comparison of related mechanism indicators affecting fine motor skill between different groups:(1)attention: the attention Q value of the obesity children group was significantly lower than that of the overweight children group(p=0.026)and the normal children group(p=0.000),and their attention level lagged behind that of the normal weight children and the overweight children.(2)hand sensory function: the number of weight discrimination errors in theobesity children group was significantly higher than that in the overweight children group(p=0.047).No significant difference was found between the three groups.(3)hand muscle strength: the relative grip strength of obesity children was less than that of normal weight(p=0.006)and that of overweight children(p=0.005).3.Correlation of hand strength,sensory function,attention level with fine motor skill:There was a negative correlation between the completion time of quantitative needle insertion and the attention Q value of children,and a positive correlation between the completion time of quantitative needle shifting and the minimum distance of two-point discrimination.The better children's attention distribution and two-point discrimination,the better finger dexterity.There was a negative correlation between the completion time of children's two-handed tracing curve and the attention Q value.The higher level of attention distribution,the better the coordination of hands.The minimum width of children's needle holding movement without touching the boundary was negatively correlated with the attention Q value,and positively correlated with the minimum distance of two-point discrimination and the number of weight discrimination errors.Good hand stability of children requires good attention distribution level and acute discrimination and discrimination.4.Changes in fine motor ability among three groups after six-month :(1)sitting position: after six months,the finger flexibility,stability and hand coordination of the three groups of children were significantly improved compared with six months ago,but the improvement range of the three groups was different.The speed of finger dexterity development in overweight and obesity children was significantly lower than that of normal weight children.The stability of super recombination finger develops the fastest.Although there seems no differences among the groups in the range of changes in ambidextral coordination,the ambidextral coordination in the obesity and the overweight groups still lagged behind the normal weight children half a year later.(2)standing position: After six months,finger flexibility,stability and coordination of hands in the three groups were significantly improved comparedwith six months before,but the improvement range of the three groups was different.Stability and coordination of the hands of obesity children both lagged behind those of normal weight.The overweight finger dexterity developed more slowly than that of normal children.Research conclusions:1.Compared with people of normal weight,overweight and obesity children have multi-dimensional fine motor defects,as indicated by the poor finger dexterity,stability and hand coordination.In addition,the fine motor skill of children is affected by the working state of the major muscles,and the finger stability of obesity children is particularly poor in the standing position.2.Children's fine motor skills improved with age,but the finger dexterity and hand coordination of obesity children lagged behind those of normal weight,so does the finger stability of obesity children.3.Comparatively poor level of attention distribution and low complex sensory function in some hands may be important reasons for the deficiency of fine motor skill in obesity children.