Study On The Vocabulary Of "Huanxi Yuanjia"

Huan Xi Yuan Jia is a collection of short in late Ming dynasty.It contains every parts of the social life in Ming dynasty.As a material for the research for modem Chinese language,it is extensive,popular and reliable.There are many slang and dialectical words in this book.Among them are some slang and wu-dialect words with complex explanations or without explanation,this kind of words in novel have three features.Firstly,they are used to record pronunciation regardless of forms.A word may have different forms in different books even in a single book.Secondly,there are lot of argots and jargons with unobvious meaning,we need to explain them.Lastly,the development of acceptation is complicated.Some words have one or more meaning derived from the original meaning,some have special meaning in a particular situation,there are words developed completely different meanings for the old form.There are some literary quotation words sandwiched in Huan Xi Yuan Jia.They can dividend in three parts according to their original time.Firstly,literary quotation words originated from Classics of the pre-Qin period.Secondly,literary quotation words originated from history books and notes in the two Han dynasties to the six dynasties.Lastly,literary quotation words originated from poetry and prose novels after the Tang and Song Dynasties.The first kind of literary quotation words mostly originated from the Confucian Classics or the works of the philosophers,but the source of allusions is gradually complicated,when it were two Han dynasties to the six dynasties.literary quotation words which originated from popular literature,such as the sketchbooks,poetry,began to increase.View from word-building of literary quotation words,when the literary quotation solidified into words,they generally use factors,such as the time,place,person,object and event.They select ejusdem generis factors of one literary quotation,or ejusdem generis factors of different literary quotations,or inhomogeneity factors of one literary quotation,or combined literary quotation factors and core meaning to build new words.In the course of use,literary quotation words produce derivatives,by adding synonymous or near-synonym new morphemes or substituting synonymous morphemes.The adding morphemes can form a word.No matter what kinds of literary quotation words they are,they share the core meaning.Huan Xi Yuan Jia has a lot of synonymous expressions.Viewed from meaning,emotional color and pragmatics,The difference of acceptation mainly manifests by the key point of meaning,the degree of meaning and the scope of meaning.The difference of emotional color manifests by two aspects,respect and depreciatory,elegance and vulgarity.The word with respect and depreciatory are often uses in the address words for communicating.The reason for the difference of elegance and vulgarity is the difference of square words and classical Chinese allusions in expression effect.There are two pragmatic differences.Firstly,different synonyms apply to different objects.Secondly,different synonyms collocate with different words or different ways.Viewed from the originals of members of synonymous paradigm,the synonymous expressions of this novel have three forms.Firstly,dialect and common language,many expressions are peculiar in the Wu dialect area.Secondly,old saying and new vernacular.There are roughly three kinds of use of ancient language in modern popular literature.In the poetry verses in popular literature inclusion,or in the dialogue of some intellectuals;Use with words of classical Chinese language;As word formation morpheme.Lastly,transliteration words and paraphrase words?They show the influence of Buddhist vocabulary on the development of Chinese language.