A Comparative Study Of The Views Of Human Nature Between Fromm And Marx

Humanity is a dynamic system that contains all kinds of characteristics or attributes of human beings,which are different from animals.All kinds of characteristics or attributes in the system are interactional.It's the unity of social and natural attributes,and the essential and non-essential attributes.The theory of humanity is the general opinion and basic attitudes of humanity.It's occupies a very important position in the theory of Fromm and Marx.Fromm's theory of humanity is the cornerstone of his whole theoretical system.And Marx's theory of humanity is also a logical clue that runs through his historical materialism.In this thesis,I focus my research on the comparison of Fromm and Marx's theory of humanity.Fromm inherited Marx's theory,which made their views of humanity have some common basis.On the other hand,Fromm integrated Marx's theory,which made their views different fundamentally.This paper comprehensively expounds the similarities and differences between Fromm and Marx's theory of humanity by taking humanity as the core concept and having a good grasp of their theory.At the same time,I also deeply understand the theoretical value and limitations of Fromm's theory of humanity,and the scientificalness of Marx's theory of humanity.There are four chapters in the thesis.In the first chapter,I discussed the theoretical basis of Fromm's theory of humanity,including the objective reality and the source of it.On this basis,I further analyzed how Fromm combined Marx's theory of humanity with Freud's Psychoanalysis,which defined the comparison basis for the full research.In the second chapter,I described the common basis of Fromm and Marx's theory of humanity,including proceeding from "practical person",observing and studying humanity in the historical process of the social and criticizing the alienation of humanity in the capitalist society.The third chapter is the key part of this thesis.I made a concrete analysis of the differences between Fromm and Marx's theory of humanity,mainly from the four aspects of the stipulation of human nature,the path of human development,the root of human alienation and the path of human liberation.I found that Fromm regarded man as a certain fixed potential to be realized.The history of human development is the history of human beings'realization of their own potential through labor.The alienation of human has existed since the birth of them,which is caused by the contradiction between the human potential needs to be realized and the real situation of human hinders the realization of human potential.In other words,it's caused by the contradiction between human nature and existence.The realization of human potential lies in creating a human environment through psychological revolution and social reform.Instead,Marx proceeded from realistic practice activity of person and pointed out that human history is a process of constantly getting rid of the needs of pure animals and generating human needs on the basis of productive labor.Human activities became alien,starting from the private ownership produced by the division of labor.In capitalist society,this state of alienation reached its peak.Therefore,the liberation of human beings lies in the abandonment of capitalist private ownership and the movement of communism.In the fourth part,I evaluated the Fromm and Marx's theory of humanity on the basis of the previous paper.This thesis holds that Fromm's theory of humanity enriches the exploration of human inner heart to some extent,which has important inspiration value.But it is still an abstract theory of humanity.And Marx's theory of humanity is scientific.The scientificalness of Marx's view of humanity lies in grasping the role of labor in the generation of humanity scientifically,grasping the humanity in social relations scientifically and grasping that the development of human beings and the development of society are the unity on the basis of labor practice scientifically.Only by correctly understanding humanity can we find the right way to solve the crisis of human existence and penetrate the real human dimension in the construction of a harmonious socialist society.