An Experimental Study Of Image Meta-directed Forgetting

Metacognition refers to our knowledge and awareness of our own memory processes,including the ability to monitor and control the learning process.It is always related to memory.Bjork(2011)pointed out that often conditions that produce forgetting enable new learning,whereas learning or retrieving some things could contribute to forgetting of other things.The judgment of learning(JOL)is an important form of meta-memory monitoring judgment;it refers to the predictive judgment of the individual’s performance in the subsequent recall test of the current learned items(Nelson & Dunlosky,1991).It reveals individuals’ understanding and prediction of their own learning and memory.Previous studies have mostly adopted this task,and after learning the project,participants were given the instruction of remembering or forgetting,so that they could predict whether they could remember(JOL)or forget the project after a certain period of time(judgment of forgetting,JOF,Finn,2008).In view of the previous studies mostly perceptual cues on memory predictions(JOLs),did not focus on perceptual cues affect forgotten prediction(JOFs),therefore this study proposes the concept of "meta-directed forgetting",namely under the directed forgetting paradigm for people has been learned about the current project forget in the later recall test scores do foresight judgments,combining metacognition and directed forgetting,the images with different perceptual clues materials deliberately forgotten prediction,judgement and monitoring.This study on the basis of predecessors’ study designed three experiments,the experiment of a judgment by learning the classical paradigm,using 2(picture valence: positive and negative)* 2(image definition: clear,blurred)* 3(image content: characters,scenery,animals)subjects in experimental design,to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of metamemory and meta-directed forgetting,The results showed that image clarity and image content significantly affected JOLs and JOFs,and JOLs was significantly higher than JOFs.JOLs on clear images was significantly higher than that on blurred images,and JOFs on clear images was significantly lower than that on blurred images.The JOLs of the images of animals and people was significantly higher than that of the scene,and the JOFs of the images of animals and people was significantly lower than that of the scene.In experiment 2,through the classical paradigm of directed forgetting,2(picture valence: positive and negative)* 2(picture clarity: clear and blurred)*3(picture content: people,scenery and animals)were used to explore the accuracy and influencing factors of the judgment of directed forgetting in picture elements.The results showed that the recall performance of the remembered item was significantly higher than that of the forgotten item.No matter in the memory condition or the forgetting condition,the recollection achievement of the animal and the person picture is all higher than the scene picture;Positive images were higher than negative ones,clear pictures are better than blurred ones.In experiment 3,with the help of event-related potential technology(ERP),2(picture valence: positive,negative)*2(cue instruction:R,F)were used to design an in-subject experiment to explore the characteristics of emotional valence in the monitoring of metacognition and the monitoring accuracy in the coding stage.ERP results showed that memory monitoring caused stronger positive waves than forgetting monitoring in the posterior parietal lobe.Dm effect appears in both metacognitive judgment and indicator in coding stage.According to the results of three experimental studies,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The metacognitive judgment value under the memory condition is greater than that under the forgetting condition.It shows that the instruction of forgetting affects people’s metacognitive judgment task,and there is framing effect.(2)When the content of the picture is a character,the metacognitive judgment value of the negative titer picture is higher than that of the positive titer picture.However,there was no difference in the recall of scores,indicating that the titer would produce metacognitive illusion on memory.(3)The metacognitive judgment value of picture sharpness is consistent with the recall score,which may be caused by the coding processing degree of learning materials,and the processing of fuzzy words by the subjects is only the processing of visual surface.(4)Different processing of remembering and forgetting items leads to more attention resources being invested in memory monitoring.(5)Successful prediction requires more cognitive efforts to forget negative images and successful memory of negative images requires more cognitive efforts.