On Merleau-Ponty's Theory Of The "other" In The Perceptual World

In traditional western philosophy,the authority of rational subject has always been beyond doubt due to the theoretical arguments of Descartes and other philosophers.Corresponding to the authority of rational subjects in the ideological field,the authority of "ego" in real life has become increasingly prominent,even resulting in extreme anthropocentrism,which has led to the deterioration of interpersonal relationships,international conflicts and environmental degradation and many other practical problems.In the face of many pressing practical problems,blindly seeking solutions from the outside is not a long-term solution.Only starting from the inside and seeking the internal reasons based on its theoretical basis,can the remedy be given to the symptoms.The root of many practical problems lies in the absolutization of rational self,that is,the misunderstanding of the relationship between self and others.Therefore,it is necessary to study the "other",which is also the reason why the "other" problem has gradually become a hot issue in modern and contemporary philosophical research.Merleau-Ponty's theory of "the other" has a special important position in the field of other research.Contrary to the traditional authority of "rational ego",he constructed a theoretical system of perceptual world based on the ontology of "body",which is opposite to the mind.On this basis,he really confirmed the legitimacy of the other,so his thought studied the problem of the other and its reality.The solution of the problem is of great significance and value.This paper follows the mode of thinking which combines horizontally and vertically,that is,through the horizontal elaboration and analysis of the concepts,viewpoints and theories of various philosophers,in order to reveal the development thread of the problem of "the other" on the vertical level roughly based on the time clue,and then highlight the transcendence of Merleau-Ponty's theory of "the other" over the traditional concept of "the other" in this vertical and horizontal integration and unification.? Under the guidance of this mode of thinking,the whole idea of the article becomes the answer to a series of questions in sequence,that is,what is the "other" theory? What is the traditional "other" theory and what kind of predicamentdoes it have? What is Merleau-Ponty's "other" theory? And how does Mei's theory of "the other" transcend the traditional concept of "the other" ? By explaining these issues,we can truly understand the unique significance and value of Merleau-Ponty's "other" theory for the study of other issues.As far as the main content is concerned,the article is divided into five parts: the first part is titled "the predicament of the traditional" other "theory".This part will be divided into two parts.On the one hand,this article will interpret the concept of "the other" itself and the problem area around "the other",and then clarify the legitimacy of "the other" and other related issues as the primary issue,so that readers can have a holistic grasp of "the other";on the other hand,this article will focus on the traditional concept of "the other".The related theories of several representative philosophers involved are elaborated,mainly including Descartes,Husserl,Heidegger and Sartre.Through the elaboration of the "other" thoughts of the above philosophers,this paper brings about the thinking about the theoretical predicament of "the other" since Descartes,and tries to sort out the problem of "the other" by successor philosophers.The attempt to solve this problem is to clarify the theoretical origin of Merleau-Ponty's "other" theory and the traditional theoretical dilemma it faces.The second part is titled "The Connotation of the Perceptual World as the Context of the Other".This part will be based on his works,trying to reveal the context of the "perceptual world" of Mei's "other" theory.In the process of revealing this context,this paper will systematically elaborate two basic concepts in Mei's philosophy,namely,the concept of "perception" and the concept of "body-subject".On the one hand,through the elaboration of the concept of "perception",it is clarified that "perception" is the bridge for us to enter the world of physical existence,which promotes "perception" to the status of ontology of existence;on the other hand,on the basis of establishing the status of "perception" as ontology of existence,through the elaboration of the concept of "body-subject",it reveals that the other and the body-subject in which I live.The living environment supported by the body.Then the transformation from conscious subject to "body-subject" is realized from the above two aspects,thus finding a new context different from the traditional subjective violence philosophy context,namely "perceptual world" whichis supported by "body-subject".The third part of the article is titled "Melo-Ponty's answers to three important questions in the field of the other".This part will take the "other" question domain as the clue to elaborate the answers of Merleau-Ponty's "other" theory to three important questions comprehensively.It will try to reveal Merleau-Ponty's argument on the legitimacy status of "the other",and clarify Mello-Ponty's concept of "body schema" to realize the mutual communication and understanding between "the other and the ego",and at the same time,clarify Merleau-Ponty's concept of "self" and "self".“ The innovation of the understanding of the relationship between the other is to realize the dialectical unity of "coexistence" and "conflict" between the other and me.With the help of Mello's answers to the above three important questions,it highlights the transcendence of Merleau-Ponty in the primary and two basic issues of "the other" over the traditional concept of the other.The fourth part of the article is titled "The Realistic Representation of Merleau-Ponty's Theory of the Other and the Transfer of Problem Perspective".This part will discuss "the other" from two realistic levels,namely "the other" in the cultural world and "the other" in the historical world.Its necessity lies in the doctrine of "the other".