A Textual Research On The Masters Of The Southern And Northern Dynasties

Records of ShuZhu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are scattered in the official history.ShuZhu,as the military position--the commander of Shu,has military functions.However,unlike ShuZhu in other periods,ShuZhu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties was distributed in the middle of the war between the north and the south.The complexity of this region and the political heterogeneity of the Southern and Northern Dynasties make the ShuZhu present many differences.ShuZhu in the Southern Dynasty was established in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the early Liu_song Dynasty.After the chaos of Hou Jing's rebellion,the ShuZhu were hardly seen in history.In the Southern Dynasty,the ShuZhu were mostly held by local aristocratic clans.Relying on the privilege of self-recruitment and exemption from taxation,they absorbed immigrants from the northern as much as possible,and their military strength grew rapidly,thus enhancing their political influence.Political influence gives them both the power to manage local areas,and the scope of control is expanded accordingly.The ShuZhu in the Southern Dynasty had both administrative and financial functions,which became the normal state of the border between the Northern and Southern Dynasties.ShuZhu often took the governor of residing county and state in the border area of the Northern and Southern Dynasties as a strategy for the Southern government.The Southern government aims to use its strength to build a defensive line and a "natural barrier" against the attack of the north.The stoppage of the southward migration tide and the continuous implementation of the soil break dried up the military resources of the ShuZhu in the Southern Dynasty,and this "natural barrier" retreated again and again until it disappeared under the iron hoofs of the Northern Dynasty.After 170 years of gradual encroachment,the Northern Zhou Dynasty finally faced the Chen Dynasty with a smooth flow,and the fall of Chen was the general trend.ShuZhu in the Northern Dynasty originated in Wu Hu period,continued to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.In the early days of the Northern Wei Dynasty,most of the ShuZhu were non-Han name or imperial loyalists.After the unification of the north by T'o-pa Tao who is the emperor of Wei.The identity of ShuZhu presented the phenomenon of non-Han and Chinese name both coexistence,and the number inChinese gradually increased,and the ShuZhu position was gradually controlled by the local great clans.This phenomenon from the side reflects that the grass-roots society is slowly integrating into the system of the Northern Dynasty regime.In the Northern Dynasty,Shu and Zhen was different due to regional differences.In areas with prefectures and counties,Shu was not control by Zhen.In areas without prefectures and counties,Shu was subordinate to the Zhen.During the Northern Qi Dynasty,Shu and Zhen in prefectures,counties and regions developed into organizations with different subordinates.Shu in the Northern Dynasty is mainly distributed in the middle of the Southern and Northern Dynasties,and a small number in the north and northwest regions.ShuZhu,in the central region,was often the commander of prefectures to appease the people of the newly occupied areas.The status of ShuZhu was often the same as the commander of prefecture or county.The difference of status,function evolution and subordination between the ShuZhu in the Southern Dynasty and the ShuZhu in the Northern Dynasty mainly stems from the difference of the political power in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.The Northern Dynasty was a regime established by the non-Han nationality.At the same time of its own chinesization,the central region of the Southern and Northern Dynasties also experienced a process from military confrontation to integration with local aristocratic clans.However,the Southern Dynasty did not have a continuous and powerful central government,so its power for the control of the central region was always unstable.The influx of immigrants from the south exacerbated the complexity of the central region,and finally the region was not included in the regime of the Southern Dynasty.What is more noteworthy is that from the mass of the dock wall in the Wu Hu Period to the confrontation between the Shu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties,the local order is also in the process of reconstruction from chaos to stability,and a unified social soil is gradually formed.The unified form of the Sui Dynasty marked the completion of local reconstruction.