Research On The Scientific Society Of The Industrial Cities In England (1740-1840)

English industrial cities emerged from all over the country with the industrial revolution from 1740 to 1840.The quality of life and life style of urban residents are undergoing great changes during this period With the rapid development of urban industry,many scholars took the popularization of scientific knowledge as their mission With Latin being replaced by English.The printing revolution made the publishing industry take off in this period.A large number of newspapers,magazines and books,the popularity of natural philosophy lectures and the increase of learning basic knowledge schools met the needs of urban residents for knowledge pursuit.In these industries,the gradual increase of school education made scientific knowledge got systematic and wider dissemination.The development of publishing industry promoted the popularization of scientific knowledge,and the popularity of natural philosophy lectures made these knowledge be applied and popularized in time.In such a situation that the whole people studied and pursued knowledge,the scientific society emerged as the times require in the city.People with strong curiosity and curiosity for scientific knowledge and industrial production gathered for a meeting.Along with the exchange of knowledge,scientific societies were born.Such industrial city as Manchester,Birmingham and Newcastle have established science societies.After its establishment,the society has made contributions to the development of the city in various aspects.For example,the innovation of industrial sector,the increase of urban education,the change of transportation mode and the improvement of medical and health care,etc.,made the city expanded in an all-round way in this period,and promoted the urbanization process.While made contributions to the development of cities,the scientific society itself was changed.With the process of industrial revolution,the organization of scientific society had become more and more standardized.At the same time,the research direction of the Society was also affected by the city.Every scientific society had a close relationship with the local city,and the city played a guiding role in the research direction of the society.Because most of the members of the society were urban middle class,especially industrialists and businessmen.These elites had a strong interest in the scientific knowledge related to their own industries,and had a wide exchange of industrial development issues in the society.For example,theManchester literary and philosophical society was more inclined to the textile industry.Bermingham moonlight society focused on hardware manufacturing,and the Newcastle literature and philosophy society paid more attention to natural knowledge.In addition,with the industrial revolution in Britain in the late 18 th century,mobility between classes increased relatively.The common pursuit of scientific knowledge made the scientific society become the exchange position of all classes.The middle class took this opportunity to connect with the aristocratic elites,and the lower class took the society as the channel to find the opportunity to obtain wealth and status.Scientific society played a role of link and channel in class mobility.During the industrial revolution,the establishment of scientific societies in local cities had become a trend.It was not only the product of knowledge popularization and the influence of industrial revolution,but also made a great contribution to the development of the city.