The Effect Of Field-dependent Cognitive Style And Stimulus Color On Depth Perception

Depth perception also regarded as distance or stereoscopic perception,referred to a capacity influencing distance judgment within a three-dimensional space,is an essential factor in driving safety.According to the motion relation between observer and object,depth perception can be defined as static depth perception and dynamic depth perception.Depth perception is influenced by the color of the stimulus,but it may be different in the state of rest or motion,and it may also be influenced by the cognitive style of the subject.To explore these questions,this study designed two experiments.The first experiment investigated the effect of stimulus color on static depth perception,and added the distance factor to study the interaction.The experiment is a 5(irritating color: black,yellow,red,blue and green)* 3(distance: 2 meters,5 meters,8 meters)within subjects,with the depth perception threshold of the subjects as dependent variable.The second experiment investigated the effects of cognitive style,speed and stimulus color on dynamic depth perception were investigated by simulating driving environment.The experiment is a 2(cognitive style: field dependence and field independence)* 2(speed: fast and slow)* 5(vehicle color: black,white,yellow,red and blue)mixed experimental design where cognitive style is a variable between groups,while speed and color are variables within groups,and the response time of the subjects to the judgment of vehicle distance in the simulated dynamic driving environment is dependent variable(the greater the response time,the closer the vehicle distance).The first experiment shows that the main effect of stimulus color was significant,and the depth perception threshold of different stimulus color was significantly different.The depth perception threshold of blue and green was smaller than that of red and yellow.The main effect of distance was significant,and the depth perception threshold at close range was smaller than that at distance.The interaction between color and distance was significant,and the threshold of depth perception of different colors was not significant with the increase of distance.The second experiment indicates that the main effect of vehicle color was significant,and there were significant differences in the distance judgments of different colors.When the "front car" was blue,the reaction time was the shortest and the judgment distance was the longest.The main effect of vehicle speed is significant,and the response time was longer in the case of fast speed.The interaction effect between vehicle color and speed is significant.In the case of slow speed,there is no significant difference in the reaction time of distance judgment of vehicles with different colors.The main effect of cognitive style is not significant,however,the interaction effect between cognitive style and speed is significant,showing that distance estimation stays stable among field-independent participants,while subjects depending on field seem to be influence by speed more.Conclusion:(1)The color and distance of the stimulus can affect the static depth perception,the accuracy of depth perception is better in the blue case and close range;(2)The stimulus color has an interaction with distance,in the case of close range,the stimulus color has a greater influence on depth perception,while in the case of distance,depth perception is less influenced by color;(3)The color and speed of the stimulus can affect the dynamic depth perception,which is more accurate in the case of blue vehicles and slower speeds;(4)There is an interaction between the stimulus color and the speed,in the case of fast speed,the driver's depth perception accuracy is more affected by the vehicle color;in the case of slow speed,the driver's depth perception accuracy is not affected by the vehicle color;(5)There seems no difference between field dependent and independent drivers.Yet,field independent show stability of distance judgment in both fast and slow state,while field dependent subject might influence more by speed.