Research On The Influencing Factors Of The Livelihood Risk Of Ecological Immigrant Families Under Concentrated Urban Resettlement

The most urgent task for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020 is how to attain sustainable shape poverty in key counties of poverty alleviation and development and in concentrated continuous areas with special difficulties.Ecological migration is one of the main ways to solve sustainable anti-poverty,which is both important and difficult.Livelihood risks with the whole process of ecological migration can directly influence the final effect of ecological immigrant project.Therefore,if influencing factors of various livelihood risks can be identified clearly and analyzed scientifically,this paper is of great values in both theory and practice to improve the efficiency and effect of sustainable anti-poverty.Based on field data of ten key counties of ecological migrants' resettlement of urbanization in Guizhou Province in 2017 and the present situation of centralization replacement of urbanization,15 specific problems of the livelihood are identified by means of literature analysis,theoretical analysis,empirical analysis.It also can be divided into three livelihood risks: economic risk,social risk and welfare risk based on the analytical theory of risk and vulnerability.Based on the analytical theory of sustainable livelihood,the three factors influencing livelihood risks can be identified—livelihood capital,ecological immigration policy and livelihood strategy.The influential effect that three factors on all livelihood risks can be tested empirically.Conclusions are as follows:(1)The rise of living cost,impossibility to cultivate the original land,the rise of debt,lack of food,natural calamities and property loss included in economic risks are influenced jointly by livelihood capital,ecological immigration policy and livelihood strategy.Firstly,the more large the housing area of material capital is,the smaller the risk of the rise of living cost is.The more the durable consumer goods of material capital is,the larger the risk of the rise of living cost is.The more the family income of financial capital is,the smaller the risk of the rise of living cost is.The more available the access of the funding is,the larger the risk of the rise of living cost is.Secondly,the larger the arable land area of natural capital is,the greater resisting the risk unable to cultivate the original land is.The more large the housing area of material capital is,the greater the ability for ecological migration family to resisting the risk unable to cultivate the original land is.The more available the access of credit for peasant household of financial capital is,the weaker the ability for ecological migration family to eliminate the impossibility to cultivate the original and the larger the risk is.The housing construction allowance supported by the housing policy can help farmers to eliminate the impossibility to cultivate the original land.If famers continue to choose the agriculture living mode,the greater the possibility of the risk unable to cultivate the original land is.If famers continue to choose the agriculture-and-part-time living mode,the greater the possibility of the risk unable to cultivate the original land is also.Thirdly,the more the education time of the average for each household of human capital is,the smaller the risk of the rise of debt is.The more large the housing area of material capital is,the larger the risk of the rise of debt is.The more available the access of credit for peasant household of financial capital is,the smaller the risk of the rise of debt is.The more the number of people participating in social organization is,the larger the risk of the rise of debt is.Fourthly,the larger the owned arable land area and actual arable land area of natural capital are,the smaller the risk of lack of food is.The more available the access of credit for peasant household of financial capital is,the weaker the ability for ecological migration family to resisting the risk of lack of food.The more closely the farmer household get on with friends,the smaller the possibility of lack of food.The housing construction allowance supported by the housing policy can help famers to resisting the risk of lack of food efficiently.Fifthly,the choice of the agriculture living mode can increase natural disaster risk.The possibility of encounting natural disaster risk for agriculture-and-part-time living mode and part-time-and-agriculture living mode.Finally,it can help farmers to resisting risk of property loss efficiently by the housing construction allowance supported by government.(2)The policy instability of social risk is influenced by livelihood capital.The more the total family income is,the more greatly they are worried about policy instability.(3)The children education,risk of getting sick heavily and old-age care are influenced jointly by livelihood capital,ecological immigration policy and livelihood strategy.Firstly,the housing construction allowance supported by the housing policy can make farmers less worried about the children education efficiently.Secondly,the higher the education level of farmers of human capital is,the greater the possibility of getting sick heavily is.The more large the housing area of material capital is,the greater the ability for ecological migration family to resisting the risk of getting sick is.The more the total family income of financial capital is,the more importance they give to sickness and the greater the risk is.The more available the access of credit for peasant household of financial capital is,the greater the ability to resisting the risk of getting sick heavily and the smaller the risk is.The housing construction allowance supported by the housing policy can help farmers resisting risk of getting sick heavily.Thirdly,the larger the actual arable land area of natural capital is,the greater the ability to resisting the risk of old-age care is and the smaller the risk is.The more available the access of credit for peasant household of financial capital is,the greater the ability for ecological migration family to resisting the risk unable to cultivate the original land is and the greater the risk is.The housing construction allowance supported by the housing policy can help farmers resisting risk of old-age care.The housing construction allowance supported by social welfare policy.If the ecological migration family of livelihood strategy choose the unemployment,the greater the risk of future old-age care is.In a word,the following policy suggestions are proposed: firstly,the policy suggestions to improve livelihood capital are proposed: From the aspect of human capital,the investment of human capital needs to be expanded.From the aspect of financial capital,the financial system of modern rural area needs to be constructed and more channels need to be constructed.From the aspect of natual capital,some private plots need to be given.From the aspect of material capital,housing construction and infrastructure construction need to be strengthened.From the aspect of social capital,community culture and community support system need to be strengthened.Secondly,the policy suggestions to perfect the ecological immigration system are proposed: perfecting the local housing policy,rising the housing construction allowance,improving the social welfare policy and constructing social welfare.Thirdly,the policy suggestions to improve the livelihood strategy are proposed: the government should help ecological migration family to cultivate the correct sense of hunting and choosing jobs.