Research On The Core Issues In The Lesson Cases Of The Famous Mathematics Teachers In Primary Schools

In recent years,people have paid more and more attention to the research on core concepts,big problems,core problems and other contents.At the same time,considering that the current mathematics teaching content is “multiple,miscellaneous and messy”,and teachers' questions are “scattered,superficial and closed” and other phenomena,scholars begin to pay close attention to improve the first-line teachers with the consciousness of the core problems in the teaching,pay attention to teachers accurately refining the core problem of the core problem and application guide teaching.This study aims to solve the following two main problems by studying famous teachers' lesson examples: first,how do famous teachers design core problems and teach with core problems in the teaching process? Second,what guidance does the famous teacher have to the teacher's classroom teaching by leading the teaching with the core question? Through the study of these two issues,on the one hand,enrich the relevant theoretical content of the core issues,on the other hand,to provide some practical inspiration for front-line teachers.Based on the above research objectives and problems,firstly,the concept of the core problem of mathematics was clarified by referring to relevant literatures.It was explicitly proposed by teachers to students.From the deep connotation,it has comprehensiveness,profundity,accuracy and flexibility.At the same time,when combing through the literature and thinking about the value of the core issues,it is found that on the one hand,it is helpful for students to clarify the teaching objectives and key points of teaching;on the other hand,students can fully perceive the process of knowledge generation through the core issues and review the learning content independently.On the basis of defining the concept and value of the core problem of mathematics,the paper further summarizes the methods to refine the core problem.The second is to connect old knowledge,starting from the connection of old and new knowledge;thirdly,it is necessary to think about the problems that students may have,pay special attention to the problems that students take the initiative to put forward,and put forward targeted core problems in combination with the three points.Secondly,in order to clarify the characteristics of the teaching of core problems by famous teachers,the teaching example of two special teachers,Wu Zhengxian's “the significance of comparison” and Yu Zhengqiang's “the problem of planting trees”,are selected as the main research content.With the help of the case analysis method,the research on “how famous teachers use core problems in teaching” is carried out.According to the frequency of the problems in the class,combining the teaching objectives,key and difficult points and the problems mentioned by the students,determine “what is the ratio? ” and “where are the trees?” is the core problem in the related lesson example,and takes this as the direction,catches the question string which hides in the teaching process.In the specific case analysis,it focuses on the presentation of the core issues in each link,and summarizes its leading role in the teaching direction and students' understanding direction in the case.Through the analysis of famous teachers' lesson examples,it is found that “the significance of comparison” teaches a mathematical concept,and “the tree planting problem” carries out the teaching process of analyzing and mastering the algorithm.Due to the different nature of the content,there are some differences between the two famous teachers in teaching core issues.Teacher Wu chose to raise the core questions to the students at the beginning of the class,and explored the meaning of “comparison” in a linear way.While Yu teacher selection after planting question,was first put forward the core problem to all students,in leading questions on core issues and problems in the process of exploring,using spiral way to deepen students understanding of the problem,at the same time as the situation unfolds,with fixed expression where “tree” undertake to the student questions over and over again.However,there are similarities in the differences.Both teachers pay attention to the essence of the teaching content,pay attention to the effective presupposition of the question string,emphasize the guidance of the core issues to students' understanding direction.Therefore,based on the overview of the core problems of mathematics and the analysis of two famous teachers' lesson examples,some experience enlightenment is summarized for frontline teachers to “teach with core problems”.Firstly,teachers should establish the consciousness of “teach with core problems” before lesson preparation,which is the concentrated expression of teachers' work creativity.Secondly,in lesson preparation,teachers should consciously explore the essence of teaching content,pay attention to students' problems,and extract core problems based on this.Finally,in the process of implementing teaching,we should pay attention to guiding teaching with core issues.In particular,we should carry out hierarchical teaching through the deduction of core issues.In the process of exploring problems,we should pay attention to students' understanding of knowledge and analysis and thinking of problems,and provide sufficient space and time for students to think independently.