Pension Gap And Fiscal System:Theoretical Analysis,Realistic Path And Reform Direction

Since the reform and opening up,China's rapid economic development has been accompanied by a series of social problems caused by prominent contradictions between the people's yearning for a better life and their insufficient and unbalanced development.Among them,the fact that the social pension is increasingly forming and showing a huge gap has aroused great attention and heated discussion from all walks of life no matter in the scope of influence,related fields or social concerns.Pensions,this article is about,as an important part of our country's social security system and an important content of modernization of national governance,its financing,balance relationship between finance and especially government,hierarchical governance relationship and expenditure responsibility division,there exists a close relationship,therefore,the formation of the pension gap also exists behind the deep fiscal incentives.Thus to explore the pension gap formation of the financial system,especially the government level such as the cause of the governance relationship and expenditure responsibility,to find the cause of the public finance system of pension insurance fund gap,for solving practical problems in pension gap,alleviate financial pressure,maintain social stability in our country,standardize the intergovernmental financial relationship in China is of great significance.This article through to the pension gap expounds related concepts and comb,from an aging population,reform and transition cost,population intergenerational fair and equal basic public services four pension gap causes the possibility of financial system in the view of theory analysis,and it is concluded that the pension gap formation and there is a causal relationship between fiscal system reform in China.The core of financial system reform is the reconstruction of intergovernmental financial relations,which include four major aspects:financial power,administrative power,expenditure responsibility and transfer payment,among which administrative power is the core and foundation of intergovernmental financial relations.Combined with the three major tasks of fiscal and taxation system reform in China,this paper analyzes the causes of the pension gap financial system and finally lays its foundation on the division of power,expenditure responsibility,current system and overall planning level.Then,through the analysis of the historical evolution and current situation of China's pension system,this paper finds that there are three characteristics of China's pension gap from the national level:unreasonable income and expenditure situation,excessive reliance on fiscal subsidies,and long and expanding gap.Based on the fact that China has a vast territory and different regions have different levels of economic development,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the regional characteristics of pension gap and classifies them according to the accumulated pension balance and the number of months that can be paid in the future.To put it simply,31 provinces and autonomous regions in China are roughly divided into five categories and one special case,of which the first category and the fifth category have little pressure to pay in the short term(within one year).The difference lies in the high cumulative balance of pension in the first category.The other three types are short-term pension payment pressure,but the pressure is different;A special case is heilongjiang province,which has a current pension gap and is facing a severe social pension problem.Based on the theoretical analysis above and the analysis of the status quo of pension gap,this paper analyzes the causes of the financial system of pension gap from the perspectives of the division of pension related powers,expenditure responsibility,current system and pooling level from the perspective of relevant financial data of Chinese governments at all levels.The analysis results show that the existing pension finance division pension related financial data in China is not completely clear,unreasonable expenditure responsibility,governance and expenditure responsibility does not match,transfer payment system of subjective randomness is larger,the heavy dependence on financial subsidies,budget volatile,worse investment income and institutional support rate is too high,lead to the formation of the pension gap.Based on the analysis of theoretical basis and practical path related to pension gap in this paper,five main conclusions are drawn in this paper,that is,the division of pension power is not completely clear,the division of power and expenditure responsibility are not compatible,the transfer payment system is not standardized,the budget management efficiency is not high and the pooling level is low.Five policy Suggestions are put forward based on the above conclusions,including establishing the intergovernmental fiscal relations act to ensure clear duties and division,to establish the governance and expenditure responsibilities commensurate fiscal system,norms at all levels of government pension transfer payment,perfecting the pension budget management system and improve the pension plan as a whole level five main aspects.