International Comparison And Reference Of National Assets And Liabilities Accounting

Facing the sluggish recovery of the world economy and the impact of global and regional financial crises,China's economic development is still facing a grim international and domestic situation.Officially put forward from the third plenary session of the 18 local and national balance sheet to the 19 big clear the direction of the new era of financial industry comprehensive statistics and general requirements,and issued by the general office of the state council on promoting the financial industry comprehensive statistical work opinion "clear requirement for financial institutions,statistical indicators and statistical index system,the relation between assets and liabilities to fully demonstrate the party and government to establish and improve country attaches great importance and urgent looking forward to the balance sheet.The international statistical standard represented by the national economic accounting system(SNA2008)provides a visualized path and a standardized "template" for each country to solve the asset-liability accounting problem in the development process.Meanwhile,the accounting practice of assets and liabilities of each country provides fresh cases for the continuous improvement and revision of international statistical standards,which logically meet the characteristics of "national practice--international statistical standard--national practice".In the process of applying international statistical standards to national practice,the actual application effect and progress of each country are different.Emerging economies,such as Brazil and India,are slow to explore.Compared with the practice of accounting for national assets and liabilities in developed economies and some emerging economies abroad,China has carried out accounting for national assets and liabilities for many years,but the real national balance sheet has not yet been published.After recognizing the gap and shortcoming in the accounting of assets and liabilities in China,it is of great significance for the current accounting of assets and liabilities in China to compare the international statistical standards with the advanced experience of other economies and draw lessons from them.National assets and liabilities accounting is a complex system engineering,which involves all aspects in the process of economic development.So how can a true,scientific and practical national balance sheet be prepared? In order to better answer this question,this paper carry out comparison and analysis from three aspects: the micro basis real national asset liability accounting reflects the law of value,assets and liabilities project accounting the effectiveness of the method of value choices,rational utilization and development of the national balance sheet is an ultimate purpose of assets and liabilities business accounting.In addition.First of all,the micro basic condition of national assets and liabilities accounting is the basis and premise of a country in many aspects,such as policy formulation,statistical system establishment,information system application,etc.,which is the key factor restricting the accuracy of accounting results.The differences between data base and source will greatly affect or even change the final accounting results.Through the comparison of Japanese financial statistical micro data and Canadian and Australian national trading account data basis,I have understood and mastered the processing methods of micro data in asset and liability accounting.Secondly,different accounting items have differences in the application of accounting methods.Compared with the accounting of financial assets,the accounting of non-financial assets is relatively difficult and full of challenges.So,it selects the accounting and valuation of buildings and land stock,and mainly compares the experiences and practices of Australia,Canada and Argentina in land value measurement and the disposal methods of buildings and structures.After that,taking the compilation of natural resources account as an example,and makes a comparative analysis of the specific application of international organizations and typical countries(Australia and Canada).Finally,As the carrier and manifestation of national assets and liabilities accounting,the national balance sheet plays an important role in financial risk assessment and economic policy formulation,and is an important tool for the government to rationally allocate resources and strengthen regulation.In terms of the use of the national balance sheet,the organization for economic cooperation and development(OECD)and the international monetary fund(IMF)is mainly manifested in the assessment of government fiscal sustainability,as well as the analysis of the world's countries debt issues,while countries such as Canada and England will be the national balance sheet as a national policy formulation,financial risk prevention and control of important tools.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,Publishing cycle of micro data and the division of labor reflect the maturity of a country's asset and liability project compilation.Since China has not yet published the national balance sheet in the true sense,the data authenticity can be fully referred to Japan's "precision matrix" for data source segmentation;In terms of division of labor,"1+N" or "2+N" can be adopted,that is,the division of labor can be carried out by the leadership of a single department or two departments.Secondly,Selection of valuation methods for non-financial assets should be carried out according to different purposes.In the accounting and valuation of buildings and land stock,the differences in data source,accounting cycle and explicit preference will lead to the differences in the selection of accounting methods.For the compilation of natural resource accounts and the measurement of the value of natural resources,the primary data held by the government is crucial to the accounting of the final value.At the same time,comprehensive value measurement should be carried out with the help of social evaluation institutions,Banks and other forces.Thirdly.There are explicit differences between international organizations and relevant countries in the use of balance sheets.Under the established framework of the national economic account system and the statistical manual of government finance,OECD,IMF and other international organizations use the balance sheet data of each country to analyze the sustainability of government finance and the global debt problem.Canada,the United Kingdom and other countries using the national balance sheet for financial risk analysis,contingent liability measurement and public policy formulation is also of high social and economic value.Fourthly,In terms of the existing conditions in China,we have the economic basis for compiling the national balance sheet,but the lack of specific experience and ability is still the biggest difficulty we are facing.To solve these problems,this paper argues that China should fully draw lessons from foreign related international organizations and the assets and liabilities accounting experiences of typical countries,based on the development of our country,the actual from the legal system and the formulation of accounting rules,improve the disclosure mechanism,through the department of barriers,realize data sharing,and other efforts,a formulation of a mature,to the point with surface,the assets and liabilities of the accounting work in our country to new heights.Main contribution of this article is embodied in the following two aspects: Firstly,The domestic experts and scholars on the international comparison of assets and liabilities accounting research is limited,this article through consulting a large number of international organizations website information assets and liabilities of the accounting information and related economy,combing related economies leading international practices,information of reference value for finishing,conclude that a general regularity and characteristics.Secondly,Compare and analyze the contents of the three aspects of the microcosmic basic conditions,difficult problems and method selection of typical economies,and the specific practices of the assets and liabilities of representative economies.Combined with the actual situation of China,this paper provides countermeasures and Suggestions for the construction of the assets and liabilities accounting system with Chinese characteristics.Due to the limited research level and the limitation of existing data and data,this paper still has some deficiencies,which are mainly as follows: first,the breadth and depth of comparison and analysis are limited.In view of the problem of insufficient data accessibility and availability,this paper only selects some representative countries and projects for comparison,and the comparison of other projects needs further study.Second is on the process and design of asset liability accounting is a lack of systematic knowledge,this paper puts forward the related proposal didn't go deep into the concrete practice work of asset liability accounting in China,some suggestions on the micro level need to grope for in the process of long-term development and try to improve the data and the method of national asset liability accounting system requirements.