Research On Real Estate Tax Reform Based On The Perspective Of Cultivating Local Subject Taxes

Since the housing reform in 1988,the real estate market has been booming.Especially in recent years,the housing price has increased greatly.Capital has gradually flowed from the industry to the real estate market.Tax,as a means for the government to regulate the economy,should play a regulating role in regulating housing prices.After 2016,business tax disappeared,leading to the absence of the main tax category of local government.However,at the same time,the fiscal expenditure of local governments is still increasing year by year,resulting in a gap in local finance.This causes local governments to rely on transfer payments and land finance,making them unable to perform their public functions efficiently.The report to the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC)stressed the need to improve the local tax system,and the establishment of local main taxes is imminent.Housing is the main embodiment of residents' wealth,and the collection of real estate tax can regulate the housing price and increase the local tax revenue.Because of its relatively fixed and broad tax base and abundant source of tax revenue,real estate tax has the possibility of becoming the main tax category of local government.Since China proposed the property tax in 2003,in 2019,premier li keqiang once again mentioned "steadily advancing the real estate tax legislation".This is the third time that the relevant content of the real estate tax legislation has been written into the government work report,indicating the importance and urgency of China's real estate tax reform.In this context,this paper takes the theory of fiscal decentralization and the theory of benefit as the theoretical basis,and adopts the methods of literature analysis,case analysis and quantitative analysis.This paper makes clear the necessity of real estate tax reform and its possibility as a local main tax.By analyzing the present situation of real estate tax,urban land use tax and the effect of real estate tax in Shanghai and chongqing after the implementation of the pilot policy,the author draws the experience and lessons that China's real estate tax reform can learn from.Based on the national data,this paper makes a rough simulation and calculation of the real estate tax to be levied in 2018 from two aspects: operational real estateand urban residential property.By comparing it with the top four tax categories of actual local tax revenue in 2018,the feasibility of real estate tax as the main tax category is quantitatively analyzed.This paper proposes to speed up the legislation of real estate tax.The central government should formulate the basic framework of real estate tax,and the central government should give local governments some tax autonomy in the design of specific tax system,such as tax rate and tax-free area,so as to make it according to the local actual situation.This paper designs the specific tax system elements of real estate tax: setting wide tax base;On the basis of the assessed value,the differential proportional tax rate shall be applied;Set the duty-free area per capita,according to the family tax deduction.It is suggested to establish the real estate tax base assessment system from the aspects of information sharing,establishment of real estate tax base assessment agency,determination of assessment period and formulation of assessment dispute settlement method.