Systematic evaluation of a stock unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for small-scale wildlife survey applications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may soon represent a viable option for use in a variety of wildlife research and management applications. This M.Sc. thesis presents an assessment of a small stock UAV system, the CropCam, as a wildlife research instrument in terms of measured performance in specific trial missions and general capacity to meet certain practical requirements. The UAV proved effective for surveying flocks of snow geese (Chen caerulescens), though ineffective for Canada geese (Branta canadensis), and carried out censuses without disturbing birds. It was variably successful at detecting black bears (Ursus americanus ), woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and grey wolves (Canis lupus) in pseudo-natural enclosures, and factors affecting their visibility were analyzed. The UAV is affordable, portable and relatively easy to use, however it is difficult to master, prone to sustaining damage and functionally restricted by camera performance, range and landing site requirements. Promising results demonstrated in this study combined with rapid ongoing development of UAV markets warrant further exploration of wildlife research and management applications.