| Rye (Secale cereale L. and S. strictum) offers potential to increase the genetic variability and to provide desirable characteristics for wheat improvement. Biochemical and cytogenetic technologies have been used to detect rye chromatin in a wheat background. These techniques are highly technical and time-consuming. The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that distinguished wheat from rye species. Total DNA from wheat (Triticum aestivum), triticale (X triticosecale), and rye (Secale cereale and S. strictum) accessions from different provenances were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These DNA samples were amplified with several ISSR and RAPD primers. In general, RAPD primers used detected higher levels of polymorphism than ISSR primers. The level of polymorphic loci was low for wheat accessions and moderate to high for rye and triticale. The genetic distances revealed that the wheat accessions were genetically very close. For rye and triticale, some accessions were closely related and others were genetically distant. Rye genome - specific ISSR, RAPD and SCAR markers were identified, cloned and characterized. These markers can be used for the detection of rye chromatin introgressed in wheat genome. Chromosome location analysis shows that some of these rye - specific markers were located in all rye chromosomes while others were on rye chromosomes 2R, 3R, 4R, and 7R. |
