| In recent years, there has been a lively interest in the use of neurofeedback (NF) as an alternative treatment to pharmacotherapy in pediatric Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). NF is defined as an operant conditioning procedure whereby an individual learns to self-regulate electrical brain activity. Yet, empirical studies supporting its practice are harshly criticized in the field of ADHD research due to systematic unspecific positive results associated to numerous methodological flaws.;The principal results reveal a non optimal recruitment, with insufficient statistical power, thus precluding quantitative group statistics. Nevertheless, appreciating the data from a multiple case study perspective enables to suggest that a placebo response could be at play following NF training, such as measured by improvements on inhibition capacities. Finally, the implications of such a small sample size, limits and critics of these studies are discussed in Chapter 4.;Keywords: neurofeedback, ADHD, ERP, randomization, placebo-controlled, single-blind, inhibition, motivation.;Studies presented in this dissertation aim at applying a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to the investigation of NF specific effects. In order to further establish treatment specificity, we trained the participants using a NF protocol characteristic to motor-inhibition functioning since it has repeatedly been described as the core deficit in ADHD. The fist part of this thesis comprises a brief review of knowledge concerning ADHD, principal treatments offered for this disorder, NF research in pediatric ADHD and inhibition abilities in these children (Chapter 1). Following are the two studies conducted as part of this dissertation. In the initial study, effects of NF training are investigated on inhibition capacities by means of behavior rating scales and neuropsychological tests (Chapter 2). With the aim of further defining the consequence of training to self-regulate ones brain activity, the subsequent study looks at the neurophysiologic impact of improving inhibition capacities with an event-related potential study using a Stop-signal continuous performance task (Chapter 3). |
