Impacts des migrations forcees sur les pays hotes

This thesis consists in three essays on the impact of forced migrations on host countries. The first essay is titled: Forced Migrations, well-being of host populations and free-riding behaviour of the International Community.;This essay develops an analytical framework to explain the behaviour of the international community when a case of forced migration occurs somewhere in the world. Through a simple model of a social planner I derive the determinants of the private demand for refugees a humanitarian government would formulate in the absence of international laws. I also look at the provision of protection to refugees as an international public good that has to be produced on a voluntary basis by all the safe countries in the world, and I examine the subsequent free-riding behaviour expressed by the countries. The exercise helps in improving our understanding of how the current international regime of refugee protection biases burden sharing and jeopardizes humanitarian action in the world.;The second essay is titled: A principal-agent relationship between a country hosting refugees and the international community;In this essay the relationship between a country hosting refugees and the international community is modeled as a principal-agent problem and what might be an optimal behaviour of such a country in terms of refugees protection given the risks inherent to the situation and given the level of support received from the international community is examined. Next, a regression analysis is performed and the results support the theoretical findings. The essay argues on the basis of both theoretical and empirical analysis that host-country governments' choice of refugees' settlement patterns is influenced by the characteristics of the refugees received.;The third essay is titled: Did the long-lasting presence of refugees in Guinea affect the well-being of the host populations?;In this essay, I use the methods of robust comparison of poverty and well being developed by Duclos, Sanh and Younger to examine whether the long-lasting presence of a large number of refugees may have altered the well-being of the host populations in Guinea. Guinea is indeed among the biggest contributors to refugees hosting in the world, as it recorded several mass influxes of refugees throughout the 1990s and beyond, due to the civil wars that broke out in some of its neighbouring countries, namely Liberia and Sierra Leone, and later on Cote d'Ivoire. Guinea is divided into four natural regions, the forest region being the one which hosted the bulk of the refugees. Using three household surveys carried out in 1991, 1994 and 2002 covering a large part of the duration of the stay of the refugees in Guinea, I examine the evolution of well-being in each region and see whether a link can be made between the differences in pattern appearing for the forest region and the presence of the refugees. The analysis carried out tends to favour an affirmative answer to this concern.;Keywords. international relations, public goods, principal-Agent, well-being, multidimensional poverty analysis, forced migrations, refugees, burden sharing.;JEL Classification: F59, H41, I32, Z00.