Societies of transformation: Iran and Saudi Arabi

The research investigates the process of political development in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and Saudi Arabia (SA) from 1925 to 2005. The study examines the consequences of political participation in both countries economic development process. The study main thesis argues that increasing incrementally political participation by citizens in these societies could lead to a wider distribution of economic and social benefits.;The study provides a theoretical explanation of political culture, political system, and the process of development: oil industrial, trade, and agricultural policies and the role of political participation in transforming both societies. Two specific goals are examined to accomplish this aim: the bourgeois traditional middle class' role in the two oil-based countries economic development and the increase of political participation since the 1990s in solving social structure change problems of employees. The study is historical and an analytical analysis of the two Islamic countries while the methodology is a qualitative-quantitative comparative descriptive analysis.