| The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of extracurricular activities, perceptions, and rationale toward mathematics with mathematics achievement. A secondary analysis was conducted using nationally representative sample of female eighth graders in U.S. (N = 4617) and Taiwan (N = 2874), which were collected as a part of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 1999) dataset. An ANOVA test was used to analyze the data within each country.; The difference between the Taiwanese and U.S. students were the math outside of school/extra lessons, and extra time per day outside school studying math. Last but not least, the U.S. female students spent a lot more time per day playing sports than the Taiwanese students. |
