On the approximation of the Dirichlet to Neumann map for high contrast two phase composites

Many problems in the natural world have high contrast properties, like transport in composites, fluid in porous media and so on. These problems have huge numerical difficulties because of the singularities of their solutions. It may be really expensive to solve these problems directly by traditional numerical methods. It is necessary and important to understand these problems more in mathematical aspect first, and then using the mathematical results to simplify the original problems or develop more efficient numerical methods. In this thesis we are going to approximate the Dirichlet to Neumann map for the high contrast two phase composites. The mathematical formulation of our problem is to approximate the energy for an elliptic equation with arbitrary boundary conditions. The boundary conditions may have highly oscillations, which makes our problems very interesting and difficult. We developed a method to divide the domain into two di.erent subdomains, one is close to and the other one is far from the boundary, and we can approximate the energy in these two subdomains separately. In the subdomain far from the boundary, the energy is not influenced that much by the boundary conditions. Methods for approximation of the energy in this subdomain are studied before. In the subdomain near the boundary, the energy depends on the boundary conditions a lot. We used a new method to approximate the energy there such that it works for any kind of boundary conditions. By this way, we can have the approximation for the total energy of high contrast problems with any boundary conditions. In other words, we can have a matrix up to any dimension to approximate the continuous Dirichlet to Neumann map of the high contrast composites. Then we will use this matrix as a preconditioner in domain decomposition methods, such that our numerical methods are very efficient to solve the problems in high contrast composites.