An investigation of stacked and embedded dielectric resonator antennas

The effects on the antenna properties of stacked and embedded dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) that result from changes to various physical parameters are considered. These physical parameters include the dimensions and relative permittivities of the various stacked and embedded dielectric sections.; A number of general stacked and embedded DRA design rules are proposed using the results of the above analysis. It is shown that a stacked or embedded DRA that is designed using these rules can have very desirable bandwidth and input impedance characteristics compared to a homogeneous DRA with the same physical dimensions and resonant frequency. The antenna patterns deform only slightly over the frequency band.; A hybrid embedded stacked DRA optimized using the same design rules is shown to have superior bandwidth and impedance characteristics compared to even the aforementioned stacked and embedded DRAs, but the antenna patterns deform quite severely away from broadside at higher frequencies.