| A naturally aspirated former Ford hydrogen research internal combustion engine was tested at the University of Toronto. The engine was fuelled with compressed natural gas and run at the road load power condition at two different fuel/air equivalence ratios: phi = 0.775 and phi = 0.855. Particulate matter size distributions, brake thermal efficiency, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions are presented. Due to extensive modifications made to this engine for hydrogen operation, the results concluded that particulate matter emitted from lean-burn compressed natural gas operation are below the detectable range of an engine exhaust particle sizer and weighted filters. Since particulate matter emissions have been linked to health effects, these results suggest that it is possible to produce an engine that produces minimal particulate matter emissions. |
