Determination of required rapid response spinning reserve to avoid underfrequency load shedding under generation deficiency conditions in Puerto Rico's electric power system

The objectives of this investigation cover: (a) to determine the amount of rapid response spinning reserve required to avoid under frequency load shedding in Puerto Rico's power system under generation deficiency conditions, (b) to determine where will be the best site to place an Energy Storage System (ESS) to satisfy objective (a), and (c) make a recommendation between the two most popular storage technologies.;Performing electric power system dynamics extended term simulations changing output power and ESS location it was found that: (1) Puerto Rico Power Authority's system needs an ESS with an output power of 60 MW and a minimum storage energy capacity of 12,630 MJ (3.5 MWh). (2) The best site to place it is in Bayamon using a 38 kV connection. (3) The Battery Energy Storage System will supply the energy more economically than Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, but a detailed economic analysis is necessary to compare them in addition to other alternatives.