Impinging jet heat transfer with turbulence enhancement at the nozzle

The effect of turbulence enhancement at the nozzle exit on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics was investigated for confined jets from sharp-edged nozzles.;Average turbulence intensity of the jet flow was characterised by integrating the local turbulence intensity values over the width of the nozzle and at several axial positions from the nozzle exit to the near approach to the impingement surface. Average impingement heat transfer was obtained by integrating the local Nusselt number over an area of the impingement surface relevant to the process engineering application of impingement drying of paper.;Of the several simple methods of turbulence generation examined, the most effective was the simple expedient of placing a bar with a diameter 1/8 that of the nozzle width along the centreline of the slot nozzle. For a heat transfer averaging area equivalent to a nozzle area of 5% of the impingement surface and a nozzle to impingement surface spacing of 1.0 to 1.5 times the nozzle width, this simple method increased average heat transfer rates over those of the plain nozzle by 14%, with only a 7% increase in nozzle operating pressure. The results are presented as enhancement in average heat transfer as a graphical function of mean turbulence intensity, and as an empirical correlation between mean Nusselt number, mean intensity of turbulence and Reynolds number.