Abiotic factors influencing the breeding, movement, and foraging of the eastern spadefoot (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in West Virginia

Haphazard searches and telemetry methods were used to track movements and habitat use of two recently discovered and only known populations of Scaphiopus holbrookii in West Virginia. It was the purpose of this study to determine the home range and habitat use of S. holbrookii . Toads were found to forage a mean distance of 13.5 in. (34.5 cm) from their burrows. Habitat consisted of open areas with soil textures of sandy loam, loamy sand, or sand. Radio-transmitters were surgically implanted in two specimens from one breeding site to provide data about habitat use and emergence. Data loggers were installed at each of the two sites. Abiotic factors were recorded to help determine conditions required for breeding and foraging of S. holbrookii. Toads emerged at a minimum relative humidity of 73%, a mean air temperature of 63.9°F (17.7°C). Toads were found at a minimum soil temperature of 59°F (15°C). Rain was not a factor in toad emergence. Toads did not breed at either site in 2002.