Bismuth nitrate-induced novel nitration of eugenol and estradiol: An exploratory study

Molecules originating in nature have held an important place in chemistry and in society. Many of the important useful compounds of all time were first discovered in nature. Eugenol, a multi-functionalized biologically active constituent, is present in high quantity in natural clove. Eugenol is an important herb due to its medicinal activities; therefore, research on this molecule is necessary. Nitration of Eugenol was performed through various metal nitrates and solid surface combinations.;Estrogens are contributors of the development of many secondary sex characteristics in females; they play various important roles in the nervous system. Direct nitration of estradiol has been carried out using metal nitrates on solid surfaces under milder condition. The effect of various metal nitrate/solid surface combinations toward nitration has been extensively studied. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate/KSF clay is found to be the best reagent to synthesize 2- and 4-nitro estradiol effectively.