Sintesis y caracterizacion de peroxidos organicos altamente energeticos usando FT-IR, microscopia Raman, FT-NMR, IMS y GC-MS (Spanish text)

In chemistry there are a series of molecules known as organic peroxides which consist only of three fundamental elements: C, H and O. Many of these peroxides are highly energetic and can be detonated easily. These types of explosives are more difficult to detect in airport check points and other areas of alertness since they don't posses nitro functional groups (NO _x), being “transparent” for the majority of the instruments used commonly by the agencies that give alertness against terrorism. Since the appearance of these compounds in explosive devices there has been much interest in the development of a method that can detect these compounds. The peroxide preferred by terrorists are undoubtedly the triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and diacetone diperoxide (DADP) since these have a high capacity of detonation and more importantly yet is that the materials for its preparation are within the reach of any person. TATP and DADP are small cyclic molecules and are catalogued as primary explosives since they can be detonated by impact, friction or heat. Synthesizing different quotients of acetone/hydrogen peroxide (Ac/H₂O₂) it was possible to obtain both compounds in a rapid and simple form. The characterization using spectroscopic methods helped to confirm that the formation of these two compounds was effective. Besides, it was possible to compare TATP synthesis prepared with domestic products and with products of high purity. Further more we show evidence in which an ion mobility spectrometer, though designed for the detection of explosives that contain NO_x groups in its composition, also can be used for detection of organic peroxides.