Written-out ornaments in J. S. Bach's organ music as a model for improvised ornamentation

This study focuses primarily on written-out ornaments in the keyboard music of J. S. Bach. Written-out ornaments provide possible evidence of ways to add ornamentation not indicated by signs in Bach's music. Only in a few instances will ornaments that Bach indicated by signs be discussed. Recitative chorale preludes are not considered; their tempo is so slow that the profuse ornamentation which occurs in them is not applicable to the majority of Bach's organ music. Neither will rhythmic alteration of written-out ornaments be considered.;A brief perspective of ornamentation before Bach is included and a consensus of contemporary opinion regarding the nature and use of Bach's ornamentation is described. Exceptions to these opinions found in Bach's written-out ornaments will show how he enlarged the number of circumstances of their use. Based on the findings of this study, appropriate ornaments and possible realizations are added to selected organ works of J. S. Bach.;This treatise consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 provides a brief discussion of the historical background of German Baroque ornaments. Chapter 2 summarizes the definitions of eighteenth-century German ornaments on the basis of information found in contemporary sources. Chapter 3 focuses on J. S. Bach's use of written-out ornamentation. Chapter 4 further discusses Bach's written-out ornamentation and enlarges on the definitions discussed in Chapter 2. Based on the findings of this study, appropriate ornaments and possible realizations are applied to selected organ pieces of J. S. Bach in Chapter 5. The treatise also includes an appendix which tabulates the details of categories related to Bach's specific use of ornamentation in his works.