Biodiversity Of Bryophytes And Their Metal Concentrations In Karst Bauxite Area Of Central Guizhou

Karst bauxite was one of aluminum mines which covered with limestone,dolomite and other carbonate rocks.Guizhou karst bauxite reserves accounted for 17.1% in China,ranking in the second of the country.In order to investigate the biological diversity and enrichment characteristics of bryophytes in karst bauxite of Guizhou,so we made the following research.In December 2013 and November 2014,we made a comprehensive survey of the bryophytes in karst bauxite area of central Guizhou,totally 690 samples were collected,the diversity characteristics of bryophytes were shown as follows:(1)112 species belong to 54 genera and 25 families,of which 6 species are Hepaticae species belonging to 5 genera of 5 families,1 species in 1 genus is Anthocerotae(Phaeoceros laevis(L.)Prosk.,105 species are Musci belonging to 48 genera of 19 families.Pottiaceae,Brachytheciaceae,Hypnaceae,Polytrichaceae and Bryaceae were the dominant families.Polytrichum,Brachythecium,Barbula and other 6 genera were the dominant in karst bauxite of central Guizhou.Hypnum calcicolum accounted for 14.49% in69 dominant species,is the karst dominant species.There were four types of life-forms in research area,they were Short turfs,Tall turfs,Wefts and Mats.The short turfs was the majority,reached 63.40% of bryophytes in five karst bauxite.Through the Shannon-Wiener index,richness index and Simpson index,obtained trends in each karst bauxite.The results showed that,three index in different areas of bauxite were different changes.High canopy density,small human activities,habitat air was relatively humid,the bryophytes were relatively more,the biomass was large and grew well;and human activities,low vegetation coverage around,were the mainly reasons to reduced diversity of bryophytes.Using Optima 5300 ICP-OES,the bryophytes and its marix mental elements were analysis.(1)Al,Ca,Fe,Ti,Mg content were higher than Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb content.In different species of bryophytes in the same growth environment,the body content of metallic were different,the same species in different habitats,the body content of metallic elements was different.(2)The mental enrichment of bryophytes were analyzed in five karst bauxite,the growth in the different habitats of bryophytes were adapted to the environment.For example,12 moss samples in the bauxite of Xinchang,were strongly enriched in Ca,and the tolerated was well,but in the ditch beside the mining area of uncultivated ground,Hypnum calcicolum on Al,Fe,Ti,Cu,Ni element enrichment relative impoverishment,enrichment of Cr strongly depleted;Campylopus flexuosus on Al,Fe,Ti,Cr,Cu,Mg and Ni element enrichment relative impoverishment,this fully demonstrated the bauxite of bryophytes in order to adapt the high aluminum,high iron environment,and the ability to be adjusted their mental enrichment,showed good resistance and tolerance.By correlation analysis of bryophytes in karst bauxite of cental Guizhou,there were synergistic effect in Al-Fe,Al-Mg,Al-Ni,Fe-Mg,Fe-Ni,Ti-Cu of Xiaochong bauxite.Synergistic effect in Al-Fe,Al-Ti,Al-Cr,Ca-Mg,Fe-Ti,Fe-Cr and Ti-Cr of Xinchang bauxite.Synergistic effect in Ca-Mg,Al-Fe,Al-Ni,Fe-Mg and Fe-Ni of the second of Lindai bauxite on the ground.Synergistic effect in Al-Fe,Al-Ti,Al-Cr,Al-Cu,Al-Mg,Al-Ni,Ca-Mg,Fe-Ti,Fe-Cu,Fe-Mg,Fe-Ni,Ti-Cr,Cu-Mg,Cu-Ni and Mg-Ni of the second of Lindai underground bauxite.Synergistic effect in Al-Fe,Al-Ti,Al-Ni,Al-Pb,Ca-Mg,Fe-Cu,Fe-Ni,Fe-Pb,Ti-Cr,Cu-Ni,Cu-Pb and Ni-Pb of Xiangshuiba bauxite.This shows that in order to bauxite geological background environment,different species of bryophytes selective absorption and accumulation of different metal elements were different,the same species of bryophytes in different habitats of the selective absorption and accumulation of the same metal elements were different.