Study On The Relationship Between The Spatial Distribution Of Settlements And Topography Features

Settlements is the main place of human activity,it is the basic unit of settlement activity in which people stand.In the long-term evolution of the settlements,the spatial distribution of settlements can best reflect the interaction between man and nature.In China,terrain changes distinctly,the selection of people living environment is severely limited by natural conditions.Terrain is an important factor in the process of formation and change of other elements of the natural geographical,and has played a crucial role in residential location choice and spatial distribution pattern formation.By using GIS spatial data analysis technology to analyze settlements spatial distribution in different regions which terrain changes dramatically,studying the terrain effect on residential location choice and spatial distribution with objective and quantitative approaches.For the study of the spatial extent of human activities,to reveal the relationship between topography and human activities have a certain significance.Choosing Taihang Mountains surrounding area,Sichuan province,Chongqing city,and Jintan county as the experimental area where have the typical topographic features.Analyzing the relationship between the spatial distribution of settlements and topographic features quantitatively;As to the area with fills and mountains,based on the theory of morphology,designing a procedure to extract topographic feature line,further study the spatial relationships between the distribution of the settlements and ridge lines as well as valley lines.This paper expand research mainly form the following three aspects:(1)The quantitative extraction of topographic features in typical experimental area.In order to ensure complete and accurate extraction of topographical information,select four kind of topographic factors which characterize hillslope such as average elevation,slope,aspect,curvature and four kind of topographic factors which reflect local surface fluctuations and complexity such as relief amplitude,surface cutting depth,surface roughness and coefficient of variation of elevation;due to the uncertainty caused by the DEM data in the process of digital terrain analysis,it is necessary to select suitable analysis window which varies with experimental area to make sure there has accurate and efficient results;proposing a method with optimized extraction of the topographic feature lines based on the theory of morphology,extract ridge lines and valley lines in hilly area to characterize surface morphology.(2)Macro-region terrain effect on the spatial distribution of settlements.Eight kinds of terrain factors were extracted from different experimental area,the distribution of settlements in different terrain features were geo-statistical analysis,combined with settlements on different terrain factor distribution index,analysis settlements in some of the advantages of the terrain factor distribution range,residential area density tendencies in different terrain features,combined with the efect of different topographic chart on residential location choice and spatial distribution of settlements reveals the spatial distribution within the macro region and topographic features of the relationship.(3)Spatial distribution of settlements in hilly areas.Dramatic ups and downs of hilly mountainous area,residential location choice influenced by the terrain is more obvious,the experimental three macro-block area within the selected extraction of slope,aspect,relief amplitude,surface roughness degree Characterization of the local terrain features,the statistical characteristics of the distribution of settlements in hilly areas,further verify the impact of macro regional topography of the spatial distribution of settlements;extracting ridge and valley lines to characterize the surface morphology of hills and mountains,settlement analysis valley line and ridge line spatial relationships,explore the spatial distribution of mountain settlements morphology.In summary,this paper examined the spatial distribution of settlements in a number of residential areas in macroscopic scale,combined with residential space characteristics within a small range of mountainous area which terrain are dramatic changes,exploring how the topography feature influence the location choice and distribution pattern of settlements.The results has shown that settlements tend to be distributed on the slope inclination slightly smaller slope,gentle slope;sunny,semiintensive distribution of male was significantly higher than other orientations;within a certain range,altitude little effect on the height distribution of settlements,but with the increase in residential local distribution of dramatic ups and downs of the surface roughness and significantly reduced;in the hills and mountains,this tendency is more obvious;the spatial relationship with the ridgeline settlements and not significant,but there is room for settlements along the valley line form dense features.In addition,by approaches the spatial analysis and thematic map expression method of GIS,this research combines data with graphics as well as qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis.It makes the analysis and expression more intuitive and visual friendly and provides a reference for the study of commercial space distribution.This whole paper is of certain significance.