The Prototype Fabrication And Experimental Study On Solar Still With Carbon Black Nanoparticles

As a clean,environmentally friendly and portable seawater desalination technology,solar still has become a hot topic in recent years.At present,the research mainly focuses on three aspects: water evaporation,water condensation and the structure of solar still.Among them,micro/nano technology is gradually used to improve the performance of these three aspects and has been largely improved..However,there are limited solar stills that systematically combine micro/nano technologies,and the process of application is slow.The purpose of this paper is to design and build a prototype solar still based on carbon black nanoparticles and study its performance by combining the latest micro/nano technologies.In this paper,several key factors affecting the efficiency of solar still are studied in-depth,including water evaporation and water condensation,and the relevant factors affecting the efficiency of these two aspects are found out theoretically,which can be used to guide the design of the solar still prototype.Then combined with the principle of thermal localization and micro/nano technology,the steam generator component of solar still was designed.The steam generator uses an isolated system with a two-dimensional structure to localize the heat in the evaporation layer.To increase the evaporation efficiency,the evaporation surface of the steam generator is coated with carbon black nanoparticles.The thin film evaporation theory was used in this paper to explain how the steam generator can improve the water evaporation efficiency and energy utilization.Based on the designed steam generator components,a solar still prototype was further designed and improved.The first generation is inclined plastic(plexiglass)device.It is found that the condensation effect of the material is poor and the thermal and chemical stability of the material is difficult to guarantee.In addition,the device has low efficiency and the structure also has the problem of mismatch between evaporation surface and vapor volume.By introducing glassware,the condensation effect,thermal stability and chemical stability are strengthened,which makes the prototype efficiency significantly improved.Finally,a curved glass device was designed.The device reasonably controlled the ratio of the evaporation surface to the vapor space,controlled the inclination of the condensation surface,reasonably allocated the condensation surface and the vapor space,and introduced a light-concentrating device to achieve the super-expected effect of boiling for 160 s of the target medium.At the same time,it also points out the current problems of the device,and the direction for further optimizing the device.The research shows that the prototype design of solar still based on carbon black nanoparticles can achieve low cost and simple modular application by flexibly utilizing the existing micro/nano manufacturing and surface treatment technologies.This research is helpful to promote the further improvement of solar distiller performance and effective practical application.