| Clitopilus and its allied genera Rhodocybe,Clitocella,Clitopilopsis and Rhodophana are unique by their characteristic.They are important groups in the Entolomataceae,and some of them have edible and medicinal value.In China,the study on the Clitopilus and its allied genera started late,and the related studies are very limited.On the basis of previous studies,this paper adopts the method of combining classical taxonomy and molecular systematic,to conduct a comprehensive classification study on the existing specimen materials and database related gene fragment sequence data in China.The morphological study was carried out mainly by reviewing the specimens collected from the main Chinese herbarium,and the newly collected specimens from the Clitopilus and Rhodocybe in recent years,with a total of 155 samples.ITS,nr LSU,rpb2,atp6 and tef1 five gene fragments were selected for the independent analysis of the phylogenetic tree of the Clitopilus and its allied genera.In addition to joint rpb2,atp6 and tef1 phylogenetic analysis,reveals the Clitopilus and its allied genera the genetic relationship and position of all kinds of group.The main results are as follows:1.Fourteen species of Clitopilus,two of Rhodocybe,two of Clitocella and two of Rhodophana species were identified in China: including four species new to science(to be published): Clitopilus danxiashanensis,Clitopilus nanlingensis,Rhodocybe subzonata,Rhodophana depressa;five species new to China: C.albidus,C.chalybescens,C.kamaka,C.orientalis and Clitocella fallax.2.A total of 7 species reported in China were excluded(all specimens were wrongly identified due to voucher): Clitopilus apalus,C.caespitosus,C.cyathiformis,C.gigantosporus specimens was Marasmius sp.,C.scyphoides specimens was C.subscyphoides,C.scyphoides f.omphaliiformis specimens was C.subscyphoides and Clitocella mundula.In addition,there is a suspected species whose specimen has not been found: C.passeckerianus.3.According to the latest classification system,some of the reported homonyms in China have been changed into the names generally recognized by taxonomists: Clitopilu abortivus was identical to Entoloma abortivum,C.subplanus was identical to E.subplanum,C.undatus was identical to E.undatum.4.Based on the Maximum Likelihood and Baysian Analysis,the phylogenetic analysis of the genus and allied genera were carried out.A total of 145 ITS sequences,108 nr LSU sequences,30 rpb2 sequences,43 atp6 sequences and 36 tef1 sequences were newly obtained in this study.Phylogenetic analysis results based on ITS sequence and nr LSU sequence showed that the subordinate group relationship of the genus amphitrellis could be well divided.Section Clitopilus,section Scyphoides and section Pleurotelloides could form independent branches with high support.However,these two genes are not suitable for the analysis of the intergeneric relationship between the genus and its allied genera.Based on the rpb2,atp6 and tef1 the results of single gene and multi-gene phylogeny showed that Clitopilus,Clitocella,Clitopilopsis,Rhodocybe and Rhodophana were monogenic,which supported the five genera as independent genera.Among them,Clitocella and Clitopilopsis were closely related to Clitopilus,followed by Rhodocybe,while Rhodophana,as the only one of the five genera that has clamp-connections in the mycelia,is far related to the other four genera both morphologically and molecularly.In addition,using these three gene fragments to subdivide the subgroup of Clitopilus can also obtain supported of molecular phylogeny,all of which can form a monophyletic group. |
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