Sika Deer’s Feeding Habits Bio-chemical Analysis And Community Composition Of Large And Medium-sized Mammals And Birds In Tianmu Mountains

Birds and mammals are indicators of biodiversity.In this article,we used infrared camera to investigate the diversity of large and medium-sized mammals and birds in the Tianmu Mountains,the Mount Tianmu National Nature Reserve and Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve were used as monitoring areas.And investigated the sika deer’s feeding habits to explore heterophony phenomenon in autumn and winter.The study proved a case for the protection and management department to evaluate the food and nutrition status of other wild animals in the protected area.(1)There are a total of 131 species of foraging plants in sika deer in south China(92 species of herbaceous plants,31 species of shrubs,and 8 species of trees).The results of the analysis of the nutrients in the main foraging plants indicate that the energy in the plants can basically meet the energy demand of sika deer in different seasons.But in the winter when food is scarce,it is recommended to add appropriate artificial controls.The bark composition of six species of south China deer(Bothrocaryum controversum,Castanea seguinii,Maackia hwashanensis,Prunus tomentosa,Lindera obtusiloba and Smilax china)was analyzed,and the results showed that the crude fiber,plant tannin and oleanolic acid were higher.We speculate that the bark appetite of sika deer in autumn and winter is mainly related to the nutrition level,parasite infection and intestinal inflammation of sika deer.(2)From 2017 to 2019,.The survey was started t in Mount Tianmu and Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve..A total of 196 infrared cameras were set up,which took 117000 Trap-days,and 165290 infrared photos with animal images were obtained include 17691 independent photos We identifid 50 species of large and medium-sized mammals and birds,among 24 families and 12 orders in East China Tianmu Mountain(Mont Tianmu: 33;Qianqianjitang: 30;Longtangshan: 39;Shunxiwu: 19).These wildlife including 16 species of mammals among 11 families and 6 orders,and 34 birds13 families and 6 orders.There are three national first class protected animals,black muntiacus(Muntiacus crinifrons),sika deer(Cervus nippon)and Chinese barred-backed pheasant(Syrmaticus ellioti).There are five species of national second class protected animals,chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),macaca(Macaca mulatta),silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera),koklass pheasant(pucrasia macrolopha)and Asian Barred Owlet(glaucidium cubides).In terms of distribution types,34 species are of Oriental,14 of Palaearctic and 2 of widespread type.The species relatice abundance index shows that Artiodactyla is the dominant group in Tianmu Mountains,chinese muntjak(Muntiacus reevesi)is the dominant group in Tianmu Mountains(RAI Mount Tianmu = 56;RAIQianqingtang= 45.8;RAIlongtangshan = 40.3;RAIShunxiwu = 39.3).There was no significant difference in the number of species and independent photos of birds,mammals,birds&mammals in different habitats and altitudes,but the α diversity of birds andmammals still showed obvious characteristics.The number of species,Shannon Wiener index and Pielou index of the four sample areas reached the maximum value in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and high altitude for mammal.For birds,the number of species,the shnnon Wiener index and the evenness index have no obvious distribution characteristics at different altitudes,but the αdiversity still tends to reach the maximum value in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with complex habitats.The geographical distribution characteristics of wildlife in Tianmu Mountain show that there are two main problems in this area,one is the high coincidence of distribution center and human activity center,the other is habitat fragmentation.In this study,we have basically incestigated the species diversity of large and medium-sized mammals and birds in the Tianmu Mountains,also analyzed the survival status and problems of wildlife in this area,provided scientific basis and data for the formulation of reasonable protection measures and wildlife research,and provided reference cases for the infrared camera technology in the investigation the species resources in forest in south China...