Study On Relationship Between Agonistic And Affinitive Behaviors In Taihangshan Macaques (Macaca Mulatta Tcheliensis)

Non-human primates are typical social animals with multi-camp social living,in which individuals establish multi-dimensional social relationships through complex and diverse social behaviors.The stability of social relationships is of great significance for animal social life.However,agonistic behaviors for resources led to a decline in social cohesion.Affinitive behaviors could increase social cohesion and moderated agonistic.Community forms a dynamic and stable structure under the joint action of agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors among individuals.Therefore,to explore the relationship between agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors in the community is helpful to understand the social stability mechanism.This study with a group of free life Taihangshan macaques(Troop WLK-2),1)using behavioral sampling/scansampling and instantaneous recording method within the target group of adult male individuals in different months,different times of various types of behaviors,and analyze the main behavior time budget and regularity of adult Taihangshan macaques on population level;2)behavioral sampling/focal animal sampling and continuous recording method were used to collect the agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors of adults,and the participant information was recorded to analyze the social relationship network among adult Taihangshan macaques.The main contents and results of this study are as follows:1.Time budget of major behaviors of adult Taihangshan macaquesFrom July 2019 to November 2020,the analyses of time budget of adult Taihangshan macaques in Troop WLK-2 was analyzed.The results showed that: 1)Grooming : the highest proportion was in November 2020,and the lowest proportion was in January 2020.Agonistic behavior: Highest in October 2020 and October 2019.Rest behavior showed a higher proportion in December 2019 and January 2020,and in July and August 2020.The proportion of moving behavior is relatively stable.The foraging behavior occupies a relatively low proportion in November 2019,October2020 and November 2020,and a relatively high proportion in March 2020,June 2020 and September 2020.2)The trend of agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors fluctuated between positive correlation and negative correlation with time,and the correlation between the two behaviors was not monotonous,and the daily change rate of agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors in Taihangshan macaques was significantly different with time.3)There was no significant correlation between agonistic behaviors and the daily rhythm of affinitive behaviors in non-mating period,but there was a significant correlation between agonistic behaviors and the daily rhythm of affinitive behaviors in mating period.2.Agonistic and affinitive behaviors of Taihangshan macaquesFrom July 2019 to November 2020,aimed at adult Taihangshan macaques in troop WLK-2,analysis of adult Taihangshan macaques' agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors characteristic,the results showed: 1)the Taihangshan macaques five types of aggressive behaviors frequency from high to low in turn as a threaten,displace,seizing,chasing and bite,and 5 kinds of aggression between has significant difference(p < 0.05).In the standardized time,the frequency of five response behaviors types in Taihangshan macaques was in descending order: avoid,flee,tooth display,threaten and fight back,and the differences among the five aggressive response behaviors types were extremely significant(p < 0.01).2)Compared with males,females initiated and received more agonistic behaviors,and the agonistic behaviors among females were the most.Females initiate more affinitive behaviors toward males than males do toward females.There were significant differences between the gender in male and female agonistic behaviors(p < 0.05),but no significant differences between the gender in female affinitive behaviors(p > 0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between males' agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors toward females(p < 0.05).3)There is a significant positive correlation between the frequency of adult' agonistic behaviors and David scores;There was no significant correlation between the frequency of adult' affinitive behaviors and David scores.3.Analysis of social relations and social stability based on affinitive and agonistic behaviorsFrom July 2019 to November 2020,we analyzed the social network based on agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors of adult individuals in troop WLK-2 of Taihangshan macaques.The results showed that: 1)the dominant individuals with agonistic behaviors and affinitive behaviors were basically the same;2)The social relationship network structure of the Taihangshan macaques was relatively tight.The Dominance hierarchy of the high-ranking adult males was relatively stable,and some low-ranking individuals had Dominance hierarchy reversal during non-mating period and mating period.3)There was a significant correlation between Dominance hierarchy and degree centrality of social relationship network based on agonistic behaviors in adult male Taihangshan macaques during both mating and non-mating periods(p < 0.05).Results of this research showed that the social network structure of Taihangshan macaques community is relatively tight.Adult male high-rank individuals are mostly at the center of social relationship network,and the agonistic behaviors among adult individuals are affected by dominance and hierarchy relationship,and there is a behavioral strategy based on " investment-return ".There are dynamic changes and temporal differences in affinitive behaviors and agonistic behaviors.