| Research on park cooling effect and cooling service capacity is of great significance to alleviate the urban heat island effect and improve the well-being of residents.In this study,Tongzhou District,Beijing's sub-center,was used as the research area.The single-channel algorithm was used to invert the surface temperature.Seven cooling indicators were constructed from the aspects of the local environmental temperature difference in the park,the comparison of the cooling effect before and after completion,and the cooling stability,etc.,to evaluate the construction process of the new city.In 2000-2020,the overall and individual cooling effect of the park changed,and the influence of the characteristic parameters of the park and the internal surface parameters on the cooling effect was analyzed.On this basis,mobile phone signaling data,road data,and tourist volume statistics data in the park are used to construct a cooling service capability index inside and outside the park to evaluate the cooling service capability of different parks.The accessibility of the park is calculated through the Gaussian two-step mobile search method.The rationality of the park's spatial layout provides suggestions and references for the optimization of park construction in Tongzhou District.The study concluded as follows:(1)The number and area of parks in Tongzhou District increased rapidly from 2000 to 2020,and the overall cooling effect fluctuated significantly.The total area of the park has increased by21.42 times,the overall cooling area of the park has increased by 3.85 times,the cooling temperature difference has been reduced to 0.21?,and the cooling distance has been reduced to36.32m.Newly built parks can reduce the temperature in the area where 62.5%of them have cooling effect and cooling stability after completion,and the maximum temperature can be reduced by about 2.4°C.(2)The cooling effect of different parks is significantly different,and the cooling effect of the same park fluctuates in different years.Among them,the maximum cooling distance of the park individual is 210m,the maximum cooling area is 284.79hm~2,the maximum cooling degree is 3.80?,and the maximum cooling rate is 0.33?/m.The research on the factors affecting the cooling effect of the park shows that the cooling rate after the completion of the park is significantly related to the park area,the cooling stability of the park is significantly related to the vegetation coverage,and the cooling area is significantly related to the normalized differential water index(NDWI)and the park area.(3)There will be 10 parks in Tongzhou District that will have a cooling effect in 2020.Except for some parks that cannot count the number of tourists,they all have cooling service capabilities.The cooling service capacity index of different parks varies greatly,and the external cooling service capacity index can reach the maximum 48096.31?*person,the maximum internal cooling service capability index can reach 1184.73?*person.(4)The accessibility distribution of the park presents three high-value areas as a whole,which are located near Canal Forest Park,Taihu Park,Songzhuang Cultural Park,Olympic Ecological Park,Business Fujin Park and Wenyu River Forest Park.There is a big difference in the cooling service capacity of parks with higher reach.Based on the analysis of park accessibility and cooling service capabilities,the following suggestions are put forward for the construction of parks in Tongzhou District:Reasonably build new parks and improve park accessibility in the southern area and the core business district;Enlarge the park interior The coverage of natural landscapes will improve the cooling service capacity of the park;Reasonable site selection,improve the convenience of parks with high cooling service capacity,and increase the utilization rate of the park. |
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