Phylogeny Of Important Group Of Oligohymenophorea Based On Multigene Data(Protozoa,Ciliophora)

Protozoa are small in size and highly diverse in body features and specialization.They occupy a very important central hub position in the micro-food web.They have a special position in the evolutionary history.They have strong potential values.Researchers continue to use molecular methods to study their classification and evolution.The new problem to be solved is to analyze the existing limited molecular information and the true classification of ciliates and fill the gaps in research.The study of Class Oligohymenophorea has a long history and the Class has a wide distribution.The subclass of Scuticociliatia,subclass of Peniculida,and subclass of Hymenostomatia are the three main research groups.The current research data of freshwater species involved still needs to be supplemented.In the past three years,under the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,with Harbin as the central city and the Songhua River basin as the overall research scope,the system has been continuously supplemented with 3 subclass and 4 order 8 families,7 genera,18 species,41 sequences(9 SSU-r DNA,14 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2,12 LSU-r DNA?4Cox1)in high-latitude regions in China,which has long been chaotic.Then we submit them to the Gen Bank database.The phylogenetic tree is to conduct systematic analysis and discussion on the disordered populations of these three important taxa,clarify the genetic relationship and systematic status of the important taxa and higher-order states,and provide corresponding data for the related research of related taxa.Based on the multi-gene information,we make the following adjustments and confirmations of the relationship and status of some of the systemic relationships and status in the subclass of Scuticociliatia,subclass of Peniculida,and subclass of Hymenostomatia :Subclass of Scuticociliatia:1)The subclass Scuticociliatia,order Philasterida,order Pleuronematida,family Loxocephalidae and family Philasteridae are non-monophyletic;multi-gene analyses show that Myxophyllum genus of Thigmophryidae family is very closely related to order Pleuronematida.We suppose that Loxocephalidae is still put in the order Philasterida;2)The Cyclidiidae in the order Pleuronematida is closely related to the order Thigmotrichida and is non-monophyletic;3)Philasterides dicentrarchi in Philasteridae family cluster with Miamiensis avidus once again with a full support value in all the gene-trees,it is speculated that the species information of this sequence is probably wrong.4)The genus Uronema is always clustered with Apouronema,Parauronema,and even Cyclidium.It is speculated that this genus are non-monophyletic.Subclass of Peniculida : 1)subclass Peniculia and family Parameciidae are monophyletic,with genus Frontonia remaining non-monophyletic;2)Urocentrids have traditionally been regarded as a family,multi-gene analyses support the rank of Urocentrida are consistently and recovers this order as sister to Peniculida,and Urocentrida and Peniculida comprise subclass Peniculia in agreement with Lynn's(2008)classification;3)discrepancies between multiple-gene phylogenies,and conflicts with morphologic data regarding genus Frontonia necessitate expansion and revision of species diagnoses and we propose consideration of Group III of Frontonia(including F.didieri,F.ocularis,F.anatolica,F.pusilla and F.elegans)as incertae sedis in Peniculida;4)multi-gene analyses of Parameciidae support five previously established subgenera.Paramecium buetschlii is placed in subgenus Chloroparamecium,and P.chlorelligerum into subgenus Viridoparamecium.Subclass of Hymenostomatia: Tetrahymenida is non-monophyletic.Therefore,this study supplemented the multi-gene information such as the ribosomal small subunit genes and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 genes of the important freshwater species of the class Oligohymenophora,clarified the kinship and systematic status of the species within the class,and established some new orders.This above research provide data and hypotheses for the refinement of taxonomy and evidence for relevant research at home and abroad.