| Objective Analyze the currently status and progress of research related to particulate matter and lung function,and clarify the network knowledge structure,development history and frontier dynamics of existing research.To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of lung function decline in rural areas of Ningxia and the main influencing factors of lung function decline,analyze and explore the relationship between air-exposed PM2.5 and the decline of lung function in rural areas of Ningxia.Methods The CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze the 4310 articles on the relationship between particulate matter and lung function retrieved from the Web of Science database from the perspective of bibliometrics.A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select rural residents aged 30 and above in 4 towns in Ningxia to conduct questionnaire surveys and physical examinations,and used descriptive statistics to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of population decline in lung function.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between lung function decline and basic characteristics of the population.By correcting age,gender,education level,marital status,economic status,BMI,tea drinking,drinking,smoking,fruit and vegetable intake,passive smoking,cooking,smoke exhaust equipment,indoor heating,exercise,sleep,occupational exposure history,hypertension,diabetes,cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease.A generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship between the population's air PM2.5 exposure(using the average of the two-year average as the indicator value of long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution)and the decline in lung function.Results This study finally included 4,310 articles related to particulate matter and lung function.The top 20 countries in terms of publication volume were mainly European and Asian countries(16 in total).Among the 23 countries with emergencies,the strongest emergence was China(47.2331),followed by Canada(12.1285),and finally the Netherlands(9.8399).The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency ranked first in the number of papers issued by research institutions.Air pollution ranked first in the co-occurrence of keywords;and the first keyword in centrality is lung function.Keyword clusters were inflammation,children,health,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,temperature,nocturnal asthma,region,ambient air pollution,lung dosimetry,glucocorticoids,gamma interferon,PM2.5 and vital capacity.25 keywords such as lung function,ozone,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter had a strong emergence effect.From the time zone distribution of keywords in the study of the relationship between particulate matter and lung function from 1990 to 2020,it could be seen that from 1991 to 2002,the study of the relationship between particulate matter and lung function mainly focused on the function of the respiratory system,diseases and their influencing factors,from 2003 to 2013,the research on the relationship between the two focused on the size of the specific particle size and the social burden caused by it,from 2014 to 2020,the research on the relationship gradually decreased,however,the research on PM2.5 and the resulting burden have not weakened.A total of 5195 people participated in the study,of which the average age was 55.91±8.82 years old,34.24% had a primary school education,36.07% were drinking tea,88.90% were frequent intake of fruits and vegetables,29.07% were passive smokers,62.81% of people cooking,52.67% had smoke exhaust equipment,and 70.61% had indoor heating pollution,43.14% of people with exercise habits,74.01% of people sleep well,and 25.99% of people had a history of occupational exposure,the average BMI of the population was 24.92±3.27.Among the population's prevalence,hypertension patients were the most common,reaching 18.90%,followed by cardiovascular disease and diabetes.In addition,there were statistically significant differences between genders in age,education level,marital status,tea drinking,drinking,smoking,fruit and vegetable intake,passive smoking,cooking,smoking equipment,sleep,occupational exposure history,cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease and hypertension(P<0.05).The values of FVC,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the study population were 2.36±0.66,1.87±0.53 and 80.53±11.82,respectively.Except that there was no statistical difference between FVC for BMI and FVC and FEV1 for cerebrovascular disease,the other variables were all different.There were statistically significant differences in different gender,age group,township,economic level,tea drinking,drinking,smoking,fruit intake,BMI,and whether there is passive smoking,cooking,smoking equipment,indoor heating pollution,sleep,diabetes,and high blood pressure.Among them,3284 people had decreased lung function,which was statistically significant among different age groups,towns,education levels,economic levels,tea drinking,and whether they had passive smoking,exercise,indoor heating pollution,and hypertension(P<0.05).Among the population in Baofeng Town,the risk of lung function decline in quartile 2 and quartile 4 of economic level was higher than that of quartile 1 and quartile 3,and the OR values were 0.599(0.413,0.870),0.550(0.364,0.830).Among the people in Qukou Town,compared with the ones who drank tea and never drank tea,they now have a higher risk of pulmonary function decline,with an OR value of 1.325(1.086,1.617).Among the population in Qujing Town,there was a high risk of decreased lung function caused by indoor heating pollution(OR=1.612(1.170,2.221)).In the total population in rural areas,people older than 60 had a higher risk of lung function decline than those of other ages,with an OR value of 1.708(1.373,2.124);people with a history of occupational exposure had a higher risk of lung function decline than those without(OR= 1.571(1.364,1.808)).By estimating the annual average PM2.5 concentration of the lung function test in the current year and the previous year,the average of the two-year average was used as the indicator value of long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution.The lowest PM2.5 concentration was Xiakou Town(26.68?g/m3),and the rest are Baofeng Town(34.46?g/m3),Qukou Township(35.49?g/m3)and Qujing Town(35.66?g/m3)from low to high.The adjusted results of each model showed that as the PM2.5 exposure level increased,the three parameters related to lung function decreased.There was a strong negative correlation between FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC and PM2.5 concentration in Qujing Town(35.66?g/m3).However,there was a slight positive correlation between FVC and FEV1 and PM2.5 concentrations of Xiakou Town(26.68?g/m3),Baofeng Town(34.46?g/m3),Qukou Township(35.49?g/m3).Conclusion Through bibliometric analysis,it was found that the research on the burden of PM2.5 on human health is a frontier trend.Long-term exposure to high levels of PM2.5 in the environment has been associated with reduced lung function among people in rural Ningxia. |
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