Effect Of Potassium Sodium Niobate Piezoceramic On 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation

At present,the situation of obesity is becoming more and more serious,and the trend of younger is becoming more and more obvious.In addition to being closely related to a variety of metabolic chronic diseases,obesity is also closely related to the incidence of multiple cancers such as breast and liver cancer,which will lead to a variety of health and social problems in future.The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes is one of the critical factors affecting the hypertrophy of fat adipose tissue,which plays an important role in the energy regulation and endocrine function of adipocytes,thus,it is of great significance to study adipogenesis at the cellular level to prevent obesity.Currently,electrical stimulation(ES)can significantly reduce weight and improve insulin resistant in mice,and the research and development of the regulation of cellular behaviors by the electrical properties of biomaterials have aroused interest.This paper proposed to use the piezoelectric properties of potassium niobium phosphate(K_0.5Na_0.5Nb O₃,KNN)piezoceramic as an ES model to provide surface ES to cells,and explored the effects of different forms of surface ES on adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.In this study,the biocompatibility,adipogenesis,cytoskeleton,intracellular calcium ions(Ca²⁺),and adipocyte marker genes of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes on KNN piezoceramic were investigated.The main results of this work are shown as follows:(1)The prepared KNN samples had the typical structure of ABO₃ perovskite,indicating that it had piezoelectric properties.And the different polarized processes would not change the surface morphology,component elements and chemical structure of KNN samples.The KNN samples with piezoelectric constants of 0,20±20,2.5,60±2.8,100±4.7 p C/N were obtained by applying different polarized electric field strengths,and the surface potential were 245±23 m V,300±75 m V,471±51 m V and 597±58 m V,respectively.Meanwhile,compared with the unpolarized KNN piezoelectric nanoparticles(UKNNN),the polarized KNN piezoelectric nanoparticles(PKNN)could generate higher electrical signals under the treatment of ultrasound.These results indicated that KNN samples with different surface potential were successfully prepared.(2)With the further increase of surface potential on KNN samples after polarization,the inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were obsevered on high intensity surface potential.This inhibit effect of differentiation might be due to the triggering of cytoskeleton spreading and the increase of intracellular Ca²⁺content under the treatment of high intensity surface potential,which led to the decreased expression of adipocyte-related marker genes such as C/EBP-?,C/EBP-?,PPAR/?and Perilipin significantly,finally resulting in the reduced of lipid accumulation and adipogenesis.At the same time,the expression of PGC1-?and UCP1genes increased significantly.These results showed that adjusting the surface potential intensity of KNN samples could regulate the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.In particular,the high-intensity surface potential could inhibit adipogenesis.(3)The different polarized KNN piezoelectric nanoparticles had good biocompatibility to3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Compared with UKNN piezoelectric nanoparticles,PKNN piezoelectric nanoparticles had a certain inhibitory effect on adipogenesis,and the treatment of ultrasound could enhance this effect.The surface potential of PKNN piezoelectric nanoparticles under the treatment of ultrasound could promote the cytoskeleton spreading and increase intracellular Ca²⁺content,resulting in a decrease in the expression of adipocyte-related marker genes,and further inhibiting the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.