A Preliminary Study On Feeding Habits And Intestinal Microbial Diversity Of Sus Scrofa Chirodontus In Guizhou Province,China

Wild boar(Sus Scrofa,Vertebrates,Mammalia,Artiodactyla,Suidae and Sus)is one of the important resources of mammals.The subspecies of south China wild boar(Sus scrofa chirodontus),the subject of this study,is widely distributed in the areas south of the Yangtze River in China.Wild boars,which are widely distributed in southern China,are one of the few large-hoofed species that have growing populations.The harm of wild boar is increasing year by year and there is no good prevention and control strategy at present.Although it is a common animal,there are few reports about the large number and wide distribution of Sus scrofa chirodontus.Feeding behavior analysis can not only directly identify the food composition and feeding preference of animals,but also reflect the nutritional strategies,habitat requirements,resource utilization status and other information of animals.The feeding habits are closely related to the intestinal microbial community structure,which plays a key role in maintaining the healthy growth and development of animals.Different hosts will form their own intestinal microbiome in the process of adapting to their growth environment,so as to adapt to the surrounding environment.Therefore,16 S r RNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the winter feeding habits and intestinal microflora of Sus scrofa chirodontus in Guizhou province.The winter food choice preference,intestinal community structure,diversity and microbial function of boars in different regions and genders were analyzed,and combined with the food species.The composition of intestinal microbe of Sus scrofa chirodontus with different feeding selection was analyzed to lay a scientific foundation for the basic biological research of wild boar.Results are as follows:(1)There were 45 orders,94 families and 153 genera in the winter food species of boars in Guizhou province,which were divided into plant(78%)and animal(21%)sources.Cissus(Vitaceae),Dioscorea(Dioscoreaceae),Quercus(Fagaceae),Actinidia(Actinidiaceae)and Houttuynia(Saururaceae)are the most important winter food species(> 82%),while other plants are consumed less often.The wild boar feeds mainly on invertebrates,with a few vertebrates(Artiodactyla,Rodentia,Aves,Amphibia and Actinopteri)and less algae and fungi.(2)There was no significant difference between male and female boars in their food types in winter,but the female boars showed slightly higher food diversity and different food preferences.The intake of Actinidia,Cissus and Quercus is similar in both sexes.Female wild boars prefer to feed on root plants(Dioscorea and Pueraria)in winter,and the relative abundance of animal food species in the stomach of female wild boars is obviously higher than that of male.(3)The winter diet of wild boars in different regions is similar in general but slightly different in species composition.The richness and diversity of animal food in the south are higher than those in the north,and the richness of plant food is the same.The wild boar in the northern part of the study area ate more plants of Cissus,Quercus,Actinidia and Dioscorea,and the main animals were Cervidae and Megascolecidae.In contrast,the southern wild boar's diet is dominated by Dioscorea and Cissus,as well as animals of the Xystodesmidae.(4)A total of 2903264 valid sequences were obtained from 53 intestinal contents of wild boar by high-throughput sequencing technology,and 1664 OTUs were obtained by clustering.A total of 394 genera,160 families and 23 phyla were identified.At the level of phylum classification,the key flora in the intestinal tract were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Verrucomicrobia,Fusobacteria and Spirochaetes and there were 15 dominant genera,including Prevotella,Lactobacillus,Escherichia-Shigella,and Bifidobacterium and so on.The diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community structure in cecum,colon and rectum was more complex,and the bacterial community richness and diversity were higher than those in stomach and ileum.There was different dominant flora in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of wild boar.The differences of dominant key flora in different segments contribute to the diversity of bacterial flora in wild boar.PICRUSt function prediction results showed that different intestinal tracts of wild boar showed unique functional and spatial characteristics.(5)There was no significant difference in the diversity of intestinal flora among different genders,but there was a difference in the specific composition.The flora richness and diversity of the female ileum were slightly higher than that of the male ileum,while that of the colon was the opposite.The richness of the female cecum is slightly higher than that of the male,while the diversity is reversed.LEf Se analysis showed that the gut segments of boars of different genders had their own dominant bacteria,and the diversity of intestinal flora of boars was caused by the differences in abundance and types of key microflora among groups of different genders.(6)The intestinal flora of wild boars in different regions had their own dominant genera and regional differences.The dominant flora was found in different intestinal segments of the southern and northern boars,and the composition of the flora was gradually enriched with different proportions of abundance to adapt to the existing habitat.