Study On The Multi-agent Parrondo's Game Based On Behaviors

Parrondo's game,originated from an interesting counter-intuitive phenomenon of“lose + lose=win”which observed for the first time by the Spanish physicist Juan Parrondo: given two games,each game is lost when played individually,but a winnig result can be produced when the two games mixed stochastically or periodically.With further study of Parrondo's game,Parrondo paradox has turned out to be true by computer simulations,Brown Ratchet examples and results of theoretical analysis based on the discrete Markov chain method.At present,Parrondo's game are widely studied in the fields of physics,biology and economics.In this paper,A minimalistic multi-agent Parrondo's game structure base on behavior driven is proposed to study the gambling relations between the living process and evolution process of individual in group dynamics.The specific research contents are summarized as follows:Based on the multi-agent Parrondo's game structure under the two-dimensional lattice network,the discrete Markov chain method is used for theoretical analysis,thus obtain the stable distribution probability and mathematical expectation of Game A(individual mobility,competition and cooperation behavior),Game B and stochastical Game A+B.Theoretical analysis reveals that losing configurations of Game B,when stochastically mixed with neutral Game A with competition and cooperation behaviors,can result in paradoxical winning scenarios like individual mobility and can even produce larger parameter space.Considering that theoretical analysis has limitations when studying large-scale multi-agent Parrondo's game under different networks,simulation analysis of multiagent Parrondo's game driven by individual behaviors under different networks is carried out.Simulation results indicate that under different network topology structures stochastically mixing Game A with different behaviors and Game B can produce different enhanced winning outcomes,despite Game B being individually losing.The underlying paradoxical mechanisms where the ‘ratcheting' mechanism of Game B and the ‘agitating' mechanism of Game A with different group interactions are analyzed.It is also elucidated that agitation from Game A with different group interactions improves the capital exchange between individuals.Parrondo's game structure with group decision is constructed based on group behavior.The group decides which game(Game A or Game B)will be played by different game strategies(centralized decision-making,democratic decision-making,random decision-making).Game A reflects the survival game of individuals and adopts two forms: natural version and social version.Simulation results indicate that under different network topology structures mixing Game A with different forms and Game B can produce a ‘Voting Paradox',centralized decision-making is more efficient than democratic decision-making under special circumstances.The underlying paradoxical mechanisms of the paradox is also analyzed.Based on the above Parrondo's game structures,study futher on the influnce of Parrondo's game with centralized decisionmaking behavior,thus the influence of centralized decision makers on the average fitness of the population under different conditions is considered,and the simulation analysis is carried out.