Genetic Diversity And Demographic History Of Pteromys Volans Population In Northern Zhangguangcai Mountains Based On Microsatellite

The Siberian flying squirrel(Pteromys volans)was a small gliding arboreal rodent,which mainly living in the forest ecosystem in the north of Eurasia.China is mainly distributed in the forest areas of northeast,North China and Altay,Xinjiang.Because of a large number of forest harvesting,the habitat quality is declining,resulting in a certain threat to its survival,and it is urgent to carry out protection research.In this study,the DNA of P.v.arsenjevi was amplified by 34 microsatellite loci of five species,and its microsatellite analysis system was constructed.Genetic diversity and historical dynamics of P.volans in northern Zhangguangcai Mountains were analyzed based on microsatellite markers.The main results were as follows:1.We selected 34 microsatellite loci with high polymorphism reported in five related species namely the Pteromys volans volans,Glaucomys sabrinus,Hylopetes phayrei and Hylopetes sagitta from the Pteromyidae and Sciurus vulgaris from the Sciuridae and their applicability to Pteromys volans arsenjevi.A total of 14 loci were successfully amplified,of which 2 loci(Hlep26 and GLSA48)were not polymorphic,and 12 loci(Pvol10,Pvol41,Pvol E1,Pvol E5,Pvol E6,Pvol E10,Scv3,Hlep59,Hlep72,Hlep80,Hph17 and Scn FO35)showed high polymorphism.The PIC of the 12 loci was 0.757—0.902,which were all highly polymorphic loci(PIC>0.5),and linkage disequilibrium was not detected.Six loci of Pvol41,Pvol E6,Hlep59,Hlep72,Hph17 and Scn FO35 conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,and the other six loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P<0.05).Samples from caged breeding individuals may be affected by inbreeding,resulting in loci deviating from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The probability of individual identity of 12 loci was extremely low,and was only 1.44×10^-6 between twins,which can be used for population genetics analysis and management of non-invasive genetic sampling of Pteromys volans arsenjevi.2.Based on microsatellite markers:In this study,the average number of alleles was13.167±2.725,the average number of effective alleles was 7.714±1.887,the expected heterozygosity was 0.864±0.033,the observed heterozygosity was 0.727±0.175,and the polymorphism information content of 12 loci was 0.806—0.908.The number of effective alleles of microsatellite loci was significantly less than the actual number of alleles(P<0.01),indicating that the population gene frequency distribution was in an unstable state,and there was a risk of allele loss in the future population development.Affected by many factors such as high speed,railway and farmland,the possibility of inbreeding within the population increased,there was a certain degree of inbreeding,and the population deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The best grouping number obtained in Structure analysis was 1,there was no significant genetic differentiation within the population,and the allele selection orientation within the population was the same.At present,there was no significant difference in the frequency of each allele among individuals within the population.