Study On The Nutritional Components And Biology Activity Of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Seeds

Moringa oleifera Lam.is a tropical plant with unique economic value and widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical region.M.oleifera seeds are rich in nutrients and biological activity.In this paper,M.oleifera seeds come from Kunming,Yunnan were used as materials for nutritional evaluation,antioxidant activity analysis and?-glucosidase inhibitory activity,aims to make full use of M.oleifera and provide theoretical basis for development and application of M.oleifera,The results are shown as follows:(1)M.oleifera seeds are rich in protein and fat,the lipid content is42.71%,the protein content is 31.43%,therefore the seeds can be recommended as protein and fat supplements.Essential amino acids in the M.oleifera seeds make up 25.60%of the total amino acid.and the lysine is the first limiting amino acid.M.oleifera seeds are rich in S,P,K,Ca,Mg,Na and other major elements the human body required,as well as essential trace elements such as Fe,Zn,Cu,Se,etc..Oleic acid in M.oleifera seeds oil is up to 70.48%,which is comparable to olive oil,and the oil contains a wide range of bioactive ingredients such as?-sitosterol,stigmasterol,campesterol,and vitamin E and so on.(2)The reflux extraction,supercritical fluid CO₂ extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction were used in extraction of total phenols from M.oleifera seeds respectively,the results showed that the total phenol extraction by hot reflux extraction was the highest,which was 3.956 mg/g.Response surface method was used to optimize the extraction conditions of total phenols from M.oleifera seeds.The optimal extraction conditions were as follows:66.78%ethanol as extraction solvent,an extraction temperature of 75.9oC,a solid/liquid radio of 1:12 g/m L and an extraction time of 1.24 h.Under the optimized conditions,the extraction yield of total phenols was4.134 mg/g,and the measured value was 4.125 mg/g,which has no significant difference.(3)The ethanol extract of M.oleifera seeds was subjected to fractional extraction to four phases:petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous.The total phenols,flavonoids,saponins and condensed tannins were determined for each phase,the antioxidant and?-glucosidase inhibitory activity were also analyzed.The results showed that the highest content of total phenols was ethyl acetate of 13.86 mg GAEs/g extract.And the ethyl acetate phase showed stronger DPPH·and ABTS·⁺scavenging ability and Fe³⁺reduction ability than the other phases,the IC₅₀ of DPPH·was 9.92 mg/m L,the IC₅₀ of ABTS·⁺was 6.34 mg/m L,and the reduction power was 0.98 mmol Trolox/L.The ethanol extract of M.oleifera seeds and its grading phases had high inhibitory activity against?-glucosidase,and the ethyl acetate was the highest,the inhibition rate was87.30%.(4)Analysis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS,33 kinds of compounds of ethanol extract of M.oleifera seeds were preliminarily identified,including sugars such as ribose,maltose,glucose,amino acids such as pyroglutamic acid,lipids such as(E)-9-octadecenoic acid,dihydroxystearic acid,sterols such as 24-ethylcholesterol,polyphenols and their derivatives such as(+)-Gallocatechin hexaacetate,flavones and their derivatives such as5,7-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyflavone-4'-O-?-L-rhamnose(1–2)-?-D-glucoside,and glucosinolates such as glucosinalbin.