| For more than 1,000 years,setting off fireworks and firecrackers is not only an important way for the people to welcome the New Year,but also an important part of increasing our national income.According the statistics,China's export volume of fireworks in 2018 has always been the world's largest,with Hunan province alone exporting 217thousand tons of fireworks,with an export value of 3.27 billion yuan.The export volume of fireworks and firecrackers in China ranks first in the world for many years,which generates a huge amount of foreign exchange income for China.However,in recent years,as one of the high-risk industries,the explosion accidents in fireworks production entreprises have occurred frequently,which not only caused a large loss of people's lives and property,but also seriously affected the government's image.How to effectively control and reduce fireworks and firecrackers explosion production accidents,has become an urgent problem to be solved for governments and enterprises at all levels.On August 16,2019,an explosion occurred in a fireworks factory in Yichun City,Heilongjiang Province,which has directly left 30 people dead and three missing.On December 4,2019,an explosion occurred at a fireworks manufacturing company in Liuyang City,Hunan Province,killing 13 people and seriously injuring them.These major production explosion accidents show that China's current fireworks production situation is very serious.How to effectively control and reduce fireworks explosion production accidents has become an urgent problem to be solved by government and enterprises at all levels.In this paper,aiming at the above problems of fireworks safety production management,the author systematically analyzes the danger of working environment of the equipment and facilities in the technological process of fireworks production,and takes the comprehensive management of dangerous substances and the quality of the equipment staff as risk factors to construct the risk evaluation index system of fireworks production enterprises.the GSPA-IAHP model is established by using the interval analytic hierarchy process and the generalized set pair analysis method to evaluate the explosion risk level of firework enterprises..The fuzzy-fault tree method is used to specify the botom level events that may ause the explosion accidents of fireworks production enterprises,and the contribution rate of each bottom level event to the explosion risk of fireworks production enterprises is quantified.According to the sequence of underlying events,elaborate explosion-proof control measures are proposed.(1)Identify the risk factors that may lead to the explosion accident in the production process of fireworks and firecrackers by investigating the actual production status and main process of the company.The advantages and disadvantages of the common qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for risk evaluation are summarized.Finally,the risk evaluation method coupled with interval analytic hierarchy process and set pair theory is selected for the risk evaluation of firework and firecracker explosion risk.(2)An evaluation system of explosion accident in firework production enterprises with49 evaluation indexes was initially established,and through the method of grey theory an evaluation index system of 17 secondary evaluation indexes was established from the four aspects of comprehensive management of hazardous substances in operation environment and the quality of equipment workers by consulting 20 literatures.Using interval-level analysis and generalized set of theoretical coupling,the GSPA-IAHP risk evaluation model is established to calculate the operational environment risk,safety management risk,hazardous material and equipment risk that may cause an explosion accident.The comprehensive weight of the staff quality risk is 0.1215,0.3877,0.2475,0.2433,which indicates that the safety management risk is the highest in the firecracker risk accident of fireworks production enterprises.This model is combined with quantitative analysis to improve the lack of subjectiveity of traditional level analysis method,and is also the first use in the evaluation of explosion accident sqm in fireworks and firecrackers production enterprises,which has the popularity.(3)To get more scientific and specific control measures,on the basis of risk assessment to further find out 26 May cause fireworks manufacturing enterprises explosion accident of the underlying events,build explosion fault tree and make appropriate simplification,coupled with the fault tree and fuzzy mathematics model,quantitatively calculate the probability of bottom events cause accidents which is 2.8540×10-8,the overall probability is small;The probability and critical importance of the structural importance of the bottom event are calculated.Based on the analysis of the results,the priority of raw material impurity in the explosion-proof measures and inspection of the firework production enterprises is obtained,and then the control measures are put forward.This method provides a new idea for the explosion-proof control of firework production enterprises. |
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