Study On Modification Of Bean Dregs And Its Physical And Chemical Properties And Hypolipidemic Function

Objective:To improve the physical and chemical properties of soybean dregs by modifying them in various ways,and to explore the lipid-lowering effect of modified soybean dregs on hyperlipidemia rats.Methods:Fresh soybean dreg was used as raw material and modified with hydrochloric acid,sodium hydroxide and disodium hydrogen phosphate supplemented with supercritical CO₂and ultrasonic.The physical and chemical indexes of the modified soybean dreg,such as swelling force,water holding capacity,adsorption capacity of glucose,adsorption capacity of cholesterol,adsorption capacity of nitrous ions and cation exchange capacity,were tested to judge the modification effect.The structure changes of modified soybean dregs were observed by electron microscope.The modified products were used to study lipid reduction in high fat rats.The body weight,blood lipid and glucose levels,organ ratio,liver section observation,intestinal microbial diversity and other indexes of rats were evaluated.Results:The physical and chemical indexes of the modified soybean dregs were improved.Sodium hydroxide solution has the best modification effect on soybean dreg,followed by disodium hydrogen phosphate,supercritical carbon dioxide,followed by ultrasonic wave.The optimal modification conditions were as follows:modification time of 4 h,modification environment of supercritical carbon dioxide and 1.5%sodium hydroxide reaction solution.The adsorption capacity of glucose and cholesterol is 335.24 mg/g,98.49?g/g and0.3797 meq OH^-/g respectively.Under the same conditions,1.5%disodium hydrogen phosphate modified soybean dreg,Its swelling capacity is 24.78 m L/g,water holding capacity is 14.79 m L/g,adsorption capacity of glucose is 328.04mg/g,adsorption capacity of cholesterol is 71.22 mg/g,adsorption capacity of nitric acid is 80.96?g/g,and cation exchange capacity is 0.3224 meq OH^-/g.The results of electron microscopy showed that the pore size of the soybean dregs modified by sodium hydroxide increased to different degrees and the structure was loose.The soybean dreg modified by disodium hydrogen phosphate solution exposed more internal structures,and appeared"hairy scale"like structures.Modified soybean dreg can improve hyperlipidemia in rats.The optimal dosage group was modified with supercritical CO₂and 1.5%sodium hydroxide for 4 h.Compared with the control group,the body weight was decreased by 15.0%and the indexes of blood lipid were decreased by 46.4%-140%.The modified soybean dreg had a good effect on the liver of hyperlipidemia rats,the liver index decreased by 14%,and the lipid droplets in the liver became smaller.In addition,the Alpha diversity of intestinal microorganisms in the rats gavage with soybean residue increased,and the Firmicutes associated with obesity decreased significantly,while the beneficial bacteria such as lactobacillus and Lactobacillus murine increased relatively.Considering the feeding effects of the two kinds of modified soybean dregs,the soybean dregs modified by 1.5%disodium hydrogen phosphate for 4 h in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment had a more obvious improvement effect on hyperlipidemia rats.Conclusion:1.5%sodium hydroxide and 1.5%disodium hydrogen phosphate were modified in supercritical carbon dioxide condition to obtain the best and better physical and chemical properties,but for hyperlipidemia rats,the effect of the latter is better,the former is second.