Preparation Of Photohydrothermal Gels And Layers Of Self-assembled Photothermal Materials And Their Applications In Anti-icing Field

Large amounts of frost covering infrastructure can cause serious economic losses,energy consumption,and even endanger lives.Current strategies of anti-icing are based on mechanical,chemical and electrical heating methods.These deicing methods will not only cause the waste of labour force and material resources,but also bring a certain degree of pollution and harm to the natural environment.Therefore,the preparation and research of anti-icing materials are of great significance to improve the de-icing efficiency and reduce the damage caused by icing.Solar energy is a common clean and renewable energy,which can provide abundant and sustainable energy for many processes of human development,production and life without relying on fossil energy.In this paper,photothermal deicing of anti-icing materials whose surface can absorb solar energy were studies.The main research contents of this dissertation are as follows:1.The polypyrrole nanoparticles with photothermal effect were prepared.It was found that the polypyrrole nanoparticles dispersed in the interior of the polyvinyl alcohol can absorb light energy and effectively inhibit light reflection of the surface,which enable the surface to absorb more sunlight,and have higher photothermal conversion efficiency.By controlling the annealing time of the composite film,the proportion of "freezable water" and"non-freezable water" interface water in the whole system was adjusted.The ice nucleation temperature and ice delay time on the surface of the composite film can be adjusted by changing the water composition at the interface,and the anti-icing hydrogel with low ice adhesion at a lower temperature can be obtained.2.Inspired by the skating process,a hyaluronic acid/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel doped with polypyrrole nanoparticles was designed.By changing the content of hyaluronic acid in the system,and adjusting the proportion of "freezable water" and "non-freezable water" interface water in the composite gel,the composite gel with more "non-freezable water" was obtained.In addition,it is found that a water layer that did not freeze when the temperature is lower than zero could form due to the interaction of hyaluronic acid with the water droplets attached to the surface.This water layer acts as a self-lubricating layer of the base,making the ice attached to the surface easier to slide away,therefore effectively preventing the surface from being covered with ice.3.Using polyanionic polyacrylic acid solution and polycationic polypyrrole solution,the photothermal transparent material was prepared by self-assembling layer by layer through electrostatic adsorption.The self-assembling multi-level structure of the material can regulate and improve the light absorption efficiency.Under the condition of a solar energy density(qi=1.0 kWm-2),the self-assembled seven-layer photothermal transparent material has the best comprehensive performance.The warming range of material surface can reach 35?,and at the same time,it has more than 60%light transmittance.In the temperature range of 0? to-30?,it effectively prevents the formation of surface ice.It has a low ice adhesion strength when the temperature is below 35?.