Study On Mechanical Properties And Ablative Resistance Of Copper-based Guide Materials

Copper matrix composite material is the first choice of guide material because of its high strength,high electrical conductivity,high wear resistance and high ablative resistance,which plays an irreplaceable important role in practical application.Arc ablative phenomenon exists in the use of guide material.In order to further study this phenomenon.In this paper,the arc ablation test device is designed,the arc ablation test platform is built,and the arc ablation resistance evaluation system of guide material is developed.[Cu-0.7Cr-0.12Zr-0.1Ag-0.12Nb-1Si C-0.5Gr(graphite)-2W]copper matrix composites were prepared by three methods to compare the mechanical properties of(Cu-0.7Cr-0.12Zr)Cu Cr Zr,and the copper matrix composites with the best mechanical properties were screened.The anti-ablation tests were carried out under different anodes,different current densities and different ablation times.The experimental results are as follows:(1)The mechanical properties of the copper matrix composites prepared by the three methods were analyzed.The mechanical properties of the copper matrix composites prepared by isostatic pressing combined with self-consumption melting were the best,with hardness of103.93 HB,tensile strength of 550 Mpa,friction coefficient of 0.23 and wear rate of 2.74×10^-6cm~3·n^-1·m^-1.(2)According to the arc ablation phenomenon existing in the use of guide materials,the arc ablation test device is designed,the experimental test conditions are formulated,and the anti-ablation evaluation system of copper matrix composites is established.(3)When the anode material is tungsten needle,the current density of ablation surface ranges from 100 A/mm~2to 500 A/mm~2,and the ablation times range from 30 to 110 times,the ablation amount and volume of Cu Cr Zr and copper matrix composites increase gradually with the increase of current density and ablation times.The ablative morphology features are as follows:the ablative morphology of Cu Cr Zr changes from smooth inside of ablative pit to fine particles in large inside of ablative pit.the ablative morphology of copper matrix composites changes from smooth inside of ablative pit to large particles in ablative pit.The ablative products of Cu Cr Zr are Cu O,Cu₂O,Cr O,Zr O₂,Si O₂and WO₃,respectively.When the anode material is tungsten needle ablation,the copper matrix composites have better ablation resistance than the Cu Cr Zr because of the addition of high melting point W particles.When the anode materials are Al,Al-4Mg and Al-4Si,the ablation current density ranges from 100A/mm~2to 500 A/mm~2,the ablation times range from 30 to 100 times,the weight gain of the sample is increased with the increase of surface current density and ablation times,and the weight gain increases with the increase of surface current density and ablation times.The morphology of the ablation part is similar to"steamed bun shape","lotus leaf shape","granular",which is caused by the melting deposition of anode material.At this time,the arc ablation products of Cu Cr Zr and copper matrix composites are Al₂O₃,Al₂Cu,Cu O,etc.When the anode material is Al alloy ablative,Al alloy is deposited on the surface of copper matrix composite and Cr Zr Cu,so the copper matrix composite and Cu Cr Zr have the same ablative resistance.