Preparation And Electrochemical Application Of Biomass-derived Nano Carbon-based Materials

Biomass material is a carbon-rich precursor with renewable and sustainable characteristics.It shows the potential to become an ideal material for energy storage devices and electrochemical sensors due to the features of diverse structures,rich specific surface,strong controllability,and good chemical stability endowed by the functional carbon material.Furthermore,the conductivity and the electrochemical reactivity of carbon materials are enhanced by N,O and S heteroatoms.In this paper,carbon-based materials were prepared by using honey as N doped biomass carbon precursor and crab shell as template,or borax as structure-directing agent.And the electrochemical performance was investigated when they were used as the anode material for lithium ion battery and electrode modifying material of electrochemical sensor.The details are as follows:(1)N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanorods(HPCRs)were prepared by using honey as the carbon resource and crab shell as both self-template and self-activation agent.The synthesized HPCRs with interwoven porous framework possess high surface area,numerous defects and active sites,which can enhance electrolyte infiltration ability and is conducive to the transfer of electrons and ions.The HPCRs-900 obtained at the carbonization temperature of 900℃ displays the best electrochemical performance.As an anode material for LIBs,it exhibits outstanding rate performance(374.1 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1)and cycling stability.(2)The HPCRs-modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE)was prepared using HPCRs-900 as electrochemical activity material,and the electrochemical behavior of HPCRs-900 at GCE was investigated.Using as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid(AA),it exhibits a wider linear range(10-500 μM,500-8000 μM),lower detection limit(0.13 μM)and higher sensitivity for AA determination.The sensor can be applied to detect the AA concentration in commercial juices,and the recovery of 99.8%-100.4%was obtained.The experiment method is reliable and effective,and it manifests the potential practical value.(3)The carbon aerogels(CA)were prepared via hydrothermal carbonization method using honey and borax as the N doped carbon precursor and structure-directing agent,respectively,and its structure was imitated at the micro-scale.Co3O4 nanoparticles containing surface nitrogen-enriched carbon species(Co3O4@CA)with the three-dimensional structure were assembled.As the amount of borax is 0.3 g,the synthesized Co3O4@CA-1 composite shows the excellent cycle stability(382.0 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 after 300 cycles)and rate performance,which are attributed to the close bonding and synergistic effect between the unique 3D porous structure and the nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel matrix enriched on the surface.