Speciated Emission Inventory And Characterization Of PM_2.5and VOCs Of Henan Province In 2017

Henan Province,as a key air pollution prevention and control region in China,faces combined air pollution that hinders air quality improvement and urgently needs to be improved.Fine particulate matter(PM_2.5)and volatile organic compounds（VOCs）are two key pollutants for the synergistic control of combined air pollution.This study established the emission inventory and speciated emission inventory of PM_2.5 and VOCs,and further estimated the ozone formation potential（OFP）and secondary organic aerosols formation potential（SOAP）of VOCs to identify key species,priority sources and typical cities.It aims to provide nasic data support for the improvement of air quality in the study region.The research work is as follows:First,an emission inventory of anthropogenic sources of PM_2.5 and VOCs in Henan Province in 2017 was established using the emission factor method.The emissions of PM_2.5 and VOCs were 598.2 kt and 1079.0 kt,respectively.Industrial process sources,dust sources and biomass burning sources were the three major contributors to PM_2.5,with a combined contribution of 79.1%;industrial process sources,on-road mobile sources,solvent utilization sources and biomass burning sources were the four major contributors to VOCs emissions,with a combined contribution of 89.7%.Then,the PM_2.5 emissions were subdivided into different species based on the PM_2.5 source profiles database established from literature research.The species with higher emissions were OC,SO₄^2-,EC,Ca,Fe,Si,K,Al,Cl^-,NH₄⁺,Ca²⁺,K⁺,Cl,Zn,and S,successively.Among the different categories of species,other unidentified species had the highest emissions,followed by carbonaceous components and inorganic elements,and water-soluble ions had the lowest emissions among the four categories of components.In addition,we calculated the emission of VOCs species based on the source profiles database of VOCs established by literature research,and the OFP and SOAP of VOCs were estimated by the maximum incremental reactivity（MIR）method and SOA yield method,The total amount of OFP and SOAP were 3481.6 kt and 80.7 kt.The species categories of VOCs that contributed more to the emissions were alkanes,aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs,to the OFP were aromatic hydrocarbons,olefins,and oxygenated VOCs,and to the SOAP were aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes.Among the individual species,m/p-xylene and toluene were the species with larger emissions,OFP and SOAP.Considering OFP and SOAP together,industrial process sources,solvent utilization sources,on-road mobile sources and biomass burning sources are the key emission sources to control.The overall spatial distribution showed that PM_2.5 and VOCs emissions were relatively low in the southwest and southeast of Henan province,while emissions werre higher in densely populated,industrial,agricultural and transportation developed areas,and the spatial distribution characteristics of OFP and SOAP were similar to those of VOCs emissions.